Dominos Pizza Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

dominoes pizzaOverview Company half masks PizzaFounded In 1960 by Thomas S. Monaghan in Ypsilanti, Michigan.Ownership In celestial latitude 1998, investors, including funds managed by Bain Capital Inc., a leading private equity investment firm, together with management and others, acquired a 93% stake in the Company, which was erst owned by founder, Thomas Monaghan and his family.Description Dominos Pizza has been dedicated and committed to quality ser unrighteousness, product and delivery excellence for more than 40 years, making it the manhood leader in pizza delivery. Dominos is the largest privately held restaurant chain, and the eighth largest of all restaurant chains in the world.Products Dominos Pizza offers Crunchy Thin Crust, Ultimate Deep serve and Classic Hand Tossed pizzas with a number of regional toppings. Side items include Dominos Bread Sticks, Double Cheesy Bread, CinnaStix and Buffalo Wings. Beverages consist of icy cold Coca-Cola products.Stores Dominos Pizza op erates a net charm of 6,977 owned and franchised stores in the United States and 64 international markets.Employees Over 120,000 associates are employed by Dominos around the globe, 15,000 of those are corporate employees, of which 550 work at the worldwide headquarters in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Each Dominos store employs 15-30 part-time and full-time individualsOfficersDavid Brandon, chairman and chief decision maker officerJim Stansik, spare assistant to the CEOHarry Silverman, chief financial officer and executive vice president, finance/administrationTim Monteith, chief information officerHoyt Jones, executive vice president, flawless execution-franchise storesPatrick Knotts, executive vice president, flawless execution-corporate storesPatrick Doyle, executive vice president, Dominos Pizza International and acting executive vice president, build the brandMike Soignet, executive vice president, maintain high standardsTim McIntyre, vice president, corporate communicationsE lisa D. Garcia C., executive vice president and general counselPatti Wilmot, executive vice president, large number firstNational Charity In August 1998, Dominos Pizza began a long-term relationship with Easter Seals, which has become the corporations first national charity of choice. with this alliance, Dominos is dedicated to helping children and adults wi... ... items have also allowed them to stay head of the game making them a top competitor in there market. The efficiency with which Dominos run is remarkable in the aspect of time but if you look at there turnover rate it is something that might need some work, even so dealing with people of that age group it is hard to get anyone to commit to delivering pizzas for life. In conclusion Dominos is a company that started in 1960 with a atomic number 53 store and went public and now has stores all over the world. This once little pizza shop is now global and has met up to all the challenges that face a company when its gro wing stages. The culture is one that stood the test of time so far and has a great look for the future. With all of this in opinion Dominos Pizza is a company that we will see for along time into the future. Work Cited Dominos Company History. http//www.dominos.com/About/CompanyHistory.cfmDominos Company Profile. http//www.dominos.com/About/CompanyProfile.cfmDominos Corporate Giving. http//www.dominos.com/About/corp_giving.cfmDominos Vision. http//www.dominos.com/Franchise/Index.cfmDominos Mission. http//www.dominos.com/About/quality.cfm

Strategies of a Non-Native Translator :: Free Essays Online

Strategies of a Non-Native Translator Non-native speakers of the target language are strongly discouraged from translating literature. I believe this is a very sensible recommendation, for regardless of individual abilities, it is often the case that the school text editions translated by such translators do not issue well. To be more exact, when I take away translated works by non-native speakers, including my own, I often detect a matter-of-fact, straightforward tone, rather too serious, if not downright annoying to read, instead of the subtleties and elegance of the flow exhibited by many native translators. Of course, there are not only disadvantages in being a non-native translator. The non-native translator may grasp the original text better than the native translator, and be more aware of cultural and social implications hidden in the text. However, the main issue is the output. How do you transform the original text into its equivalent in the target language? I have been working as a freelance translator, of both literary and non-literary works, for the past 10 years, exclusively this question hangs over me every time I begin to translate. I ventured into this unattainable arena, fully aware of the problems I faced. At first, there was something about challenge the impossible, unless I also believed there was still a need for translators like myself in the field of translating Korean literature into English, for no other ground than that not much has been translated and there were not enough translators around to introduce Korean literature and culture to the world. I believe, though, that non-native speakers are at best transitional figures, who will fade into the shadows when more and more native speakers of English with good Korean language skills emerge. My goal is very modest by literary standards, but very ambitious for a non-native speaker. My goal is to render my translations as readable as possible. The best response I have ever receive d for my literary translation was that it was very readable. I was very pleased with that praise. I know that as a non-native translator I can never attain a higher plateau. Once I attended a translation seminar in Korea, where most participants were Korean professors of foreign languages. They insisted that the importance of the act of the translation lies in introducing the unfamiliar with(predicate) to an audience, rather than making foreign literature readable. When I raised the question of stilted texts

Abortion Essay -- essays research papers

China - Two researchers say comprehensive new data renders that traditional family patterns in China, combined with tough population-control measures, have resulted in female infanticide on a grand scale -- close to 800,000 baby girls abandoned or killed in a single region between 1971-80 alone. G. William mule skinner, an anthropologist and China specialist at the University of California-Davis, and Chinese researcher Yuan Jianhua based their conclusions on an analysis of 1990 Chinese census data. They presented their findings at the Association for Asian Studies annual meeting last weekend in San Diego. While the phenomenon of disappearing girls isnt new, the paper by Yuan and Skinner is the first to show how location and family composition help determine infants fate The more campestral a baby girls surroundings, and the more sisters she had at birth, the higher her chances of not surviving. The researchers say or so of the girls were abandoned or killed at birth. Chinese offi cials have long maintained that missing girls are adopted or raised on the sly, but Skinner said the data does not allow for concealment. Skinner and Yuan, who works for a semiofficial agency in Beijing that does population projections for the Chinese government, focused on a 1 percent census sample of Chinas lower Yangtze region. Located around the central metropolis of Shanghai, the area ranges from crowded coastal cities to surrounding rural communities, and had a population of 140 million in 199...

Latin American Events Analysis Essays -- Latin America Culture Movies

Latin American Events AnalysisDuring the course of this semester, I attended many events with Latin American content. Although I both heard lectures and viewed movies, the continuity and popularity of certain recurring themes in cinema interested me the most. Among the many themes addressed, money, violence, the role and greatness of women, and the evolution of presidency were prevalent and interconnected. Over the years, Latin Americas image has changed from a valuable source for raw goods, to a rebellious child of colonial powers, to a region struggling to cope with oppressive governments from within. At the same time that these phases sport occurred, social norms have also evolved. Despite the fact that womens roles have changed in some areas, they remain important to the society as a whole, in whatever capacity they fulfill. While nations of the region may lack ethnic, linguistic, or cultural ties, they share similar historical experiences. As such, the common use of these to pics was not surprising, because of their prominence as important topics throughout Latin American history. alone of the films I sawCidade de Deus, La Sexta Seccin, Plata Quemada, Maria, Full of Grace, and Mujeres Insumisasfeature female characters, each of whom has a different function in the individual contexts. Overall, expectations of women are high, even though the resources available to them are inadequate. Often portrayed as victims, women receive insufficient respect for all that they manage to accomplish, especially given their dismal circumstances. In the Brazilian film Cidade de Deus, Anglicathe main female characteris simultaneously depicted as both powerless and powerful. She accepts gifts from Tiago, Rocket, and Benny, a... ...uments for a philharmonic band, a kitchen for the local kindergarten, a basketball game court, and a church for the town. Money and poverty are obviously very prominent issues in Boqueron, as well as numerous other Latin American towns, and t he men are again depicted as the breadwinners.The Latin American films that I saw this semester have many thematic ties. Among these are the importance of money, the role of women, the existence of violence, and the prevalence of corruption. The frequency of the occurrence of these topics is not coincidental, but rather a reflection of the issues and difficulties faced by many Latin American nations. Film provides a unique arena in which to address social wrongs and change, national and international dilemmas, and other topics of interest, and these movies provide connections in Latin America when they may not otherwise exist.

A Mothers Biggest Fair :: Essays Papers

A Mothers Biggest FairOne spring afternoon a mother met her greatest fear head-on. Crystal Beck and her three-year-old son Travis were obtain for a new spring and summer wardrobe at a local mall. The mall was very hectic for the middle of the afternoon and to make matters worsened Crystal had forgotten her sons stroller at home after taking him for a walk earlier that day. She had told her inquisitive son to say by her side. aft(prenominal) visiting a few stores Crystal began to notice that Travis was becoming very anxious. So she made the decision to finish her sons shopping in JC Penney at the far end of the mall, the two made their way to the childrens clothing section located on the third floor.As Crystal searched by the cluttered racks looking for the perfect divulgefits for her son, still glancing back at Travis who was looking through a bin of stuffed toys. She looked back to the rack for a split encourage to find the size she needed, and when she looked back up to check on her son he was gone. Crystal began calling his name, waiting for a response, no response eer came. She called again, but louder this time Travis, where are you? With every call for her son her heart began to beat fast and harder inside of her chest. She could feel herself beginning to tremble and shake, her vision became colorize and distorted, she then began running though the store call her son and crying uncontrollably. A salesperson stopped her to try to calm her down and find out what had happened. Crystal explained to her still crying and shaking what had happened. The salesperson assured her not to worry, that he would be found. The girl notified security for the store, they brought Crystal to their office and asked for a explanation of the boy. She told them that he was a three years old boy, with blonde hair and non-white eye, and standing 36 inches in height. He was wearing a blue baseball cap, a red long sleeved shirt, blue jeans, and a pair of white Reebok sneaker s. When she was done with the description of her son the security officer offered her a glass of water, but she refused it. Her stomach felt as if there was a solid piece of metal lying at the bottom of it.

Auto Tuning Fiddler Essay -- Fiddler Crab, Pacific Ocean

Fiddler crabs live through the Pacific Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean on land (McLain 2010). in that respect are over 100 species and their size ranges from 2.5 to 5 cm wide (McLain 2010). Both of the female lures are small but one of the males claw take ons signifi quartertly larger and it can weigh up to half their bodies weigh (Murai 2009). Adults exit continue to acquire by molting as they age (McLain 2010). The male will use his overgrown claw as a status of strength and health but some male fiddler crabs can spirt a large claw and still get the same benefits even though he is actually weak (Murai 2009). The size of the male claw varies jibe to how much nutrients and foods are in his habitat and how much he is able to eat (McLain 2010). Fiddler crab diet consist or algae, bacteria, decaying plants and, animal matter, and fungus (McLain 2010). They generate to eat in puddles of water so it is easier to separate food from dirt (McLain 2010). Th e female crab uses both claws to feed objet dart the male can only if use his small claw making it harder to feed (McLain 2010). The male crabs will fight over territory for resources (McLain 2010). Before males fight they exhibit their well-favored claw and if neither one backs away they will fight (Hirose 2010). In most fights they wrestle around for show and rarely get hurt (Hirose 2010). If they draw to lose their big claw during a fight or its lost to a predator the small claw will begin to grow while the other(a) is regenerated (Murai 2009). The new claw will grow to be just like the old one, but some males can manipulate its growth and grow a new claw that looks like the original but uses less nutrients to produce because its lighter and toothless (Murai 2009). This fake claw is we... ...w or they just cant find large portions of food to grow back or support a big claw (McLain 2010). The females are attracted to healthy big claw males (Muramatsu 2001).According to n atural pick the males unable to have a healthy life will not reproduce (Muramatsu 2001). Some of these crabs that have a furrowed time will get so desperate to be successful they will grow a fake claw that cost less resources to grow/maintain and looks exactly the same as a normal one with the exception that its lighter, has no teeth and its weaker (McLain 2010). Neither males nor females will know the difference (Murai 2009). The other males will respect him for having a stronger claw and the females will be attracted to him for having a better wave/mating ritual (Murai 2009). These crabs cheat natural selection by faking superiority making natural selection irrelevant (Murai 2009).

Training the Female Athlete

In this Podcast, Peter Melanson interviews Diane Vives director of Vives Training Systems in Austin, Texas, on didactics feminine supporters. Peter asks Diane a series of questions in regards to female athletes versus male athletes on how to train better, the differences between training, and the types of injuries caused from the training between men and women athletes. Diane answers with questions with research and studies that supports her theories and reasonings to her slipway of training the female athlete.Diane explains that as trainers and coaches that we need to recognize with men and female athletes that we are seeing specific trends with female athletes that we need to do a better credit line at recognizing. The evidence is that the females are pretermiting certain performance activities and more importantly that there are a tremendous amount of injuries in female athletes. The research is back this up and it also constitutes that as coaches and trainers there are no improvements to these cases.The amount of females are dropping out of sports and fitness all together because of the drastic injuries be caused to these female athletes such as ACL and knee injuries. Peter asked Diane, what are some of the specific things that affect the females the most? Diane reported that incidents of 4 to 6 times greater ACL and knee injuries with females versus male and some times the number increases up to 8-10 times greater when looking at non contact ACL injuries. She included, that we need ways to reduce this number because injuries such as ACL and knee injuries are drastic.She also included that another difference between male and female athletes are the lack of upper body strength in females. As coaches and trainers, they are afraid to train upper body for females because they are afraid that the females will bulky, which research and studies show that this is a myth. Diane emphasizes that this is extremely important. When we train female athletes, the intensity lacks because we do not have a higher expectations than we do have for male athletes.We have to start the female and really create a higher expectation for training intensity, Diane explains. Research study show that when you put a female and male athlete together and possess everything relatively the same with body, mass size the size of the athlete, and you ask the female athlete what they perceived their level of intensity is. The females consistently matt-up like they were training at a much higher intensity than the males did. Peter asks Diane what are some examples for coaches and trainers to change to make a positive touch on on their female athletes right away.Diane explained that in ordain to make a dramatic change right away, one of the best way is to incorporate a dynamic warm up that includes flexibility, basic strength training and teaching plyometric. Diane includes the work teaching because it is important that the athletes understand how to land and d ecelerate in order to reduce any injuries and to have progression.Including basic coordinative bimotor skills that include speed agility and quickness drillsis also important into incorporating into the female athletes training to dramatically make a change and even reducing the ACL and knee injuries by 73%. In summary, Diane explains that coaches and trainers need to look at the female athlete differently versus being afraid of getting bulky and to have higher expectations. Incorporating dynamic warm ups can significantly decrease the amount of injuries drastically in the female athlete. Its important to focus both on the male and female athletes and to increase the expectations of the female athletes now versus in the past.

Forrest Gump Essay

Forrest Gump is one of my favorite word-painting of all times. It stars Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump, very innocent minded man going by many difficult situations and overcoming them. The report card isnt about a hero, a ticking clock or a villain. It is just a remarkable story of a young man going through his amazing life. Metacritic.com says that it is one of the movies you must see before you die and I must agree It has win six Academy Awards which includes best picture. The cinematography and mise en impression play major roles in grasping the viewer, making the main character feel relatable and helped the viewing audience understand the time and place Forrest is in.The first shot the cinematographer uses, which is my favorite scene, is the long shots used when following the feather in the open scenes of the movie. The feather flows from charge up high in the sky to and lands on the bench Forrest sits on. An example of very long shots in the film are when Forrest is running (a ll throughout the movie) and too during the war scenes. Cinematographer Don Burgess recalls, With Forrest Gump, I felt very strongly about shooting anamorphic it depicted the characters kind to the world and how he saw the world. I thought anamorphic lens worked so well, compositionally. With the character of Forrest Gump, I short-sighted him a lot to put him out of context, so he always felt odd with things around him.The anamorphic format has a tendency to short-sight better anyway, and we used really wide lenses focused on him I think it creates that feeling of his relationship to everything else. I believe that the making Forrest stand out and not really fit in to his surroundings, yet effortlessly pitiful through the motions is captured by the use of anamorphic shooting. It also helps the viewer understand the time and place in which the story takes place and how the character relates to that breaker point of time. However, the cinematography isnt the only aspect of the film making process that helps the viewer know the time and place mise en scene also has plays an important role.Mise en scene is French for place on set. It is the way props or objects are placed on the set in order to bring out the chemical group of a movie and make itmore realistic for the time and place. Mise en scene can be like entering a time apparatus when done correctly and thats exactly how I felt while watching Forrest Gump. From the beginning of the film, at the center of attention is the bench. The placement of the bench lets us know that it is at a bus stop as opposed to a park because a bus stops in front of it, citizenry walk behind and in front of the bench, and also the bus stop sign placed near it. Mise en scene can also be symbolic.There are many examples throughout the film but my favorite is the signed Marilyn Monroe picture behind the picture of the Kennedy Brothers at the Watergate Hotel. Its a bit disgraceful and fun since Marilyn was rumored to having affair s with both brother and it also brings out a little bit of history, which I love. Also, in one of the scenes where Forrest is running, theres a confederate flag on the car. Since theyre in the south and many people believe Forrest symbolizes America, it can be presumed that America is running or moving past its racists history. Thats just one theory. There are so many more examples of mise en scene but that would turn this journal into a ten page paper.Forrest Gump has won an Oscar for better(p) Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Director, Best Writing, Best Film Editing and Best Editing and nominated for six more Oscars, Best Cinematography among them. I believe that all the elements that go into making a film made this movie great but the cinematography and use of mise en scene really made it outstanding.

Sex Education Should Be Taught in Schools

Computer has become a very important part of our lives nowadays. During the past few years, computer has evolved in many slipway and is probably without a doubt better than ever before. People are always trying to find some liaison new that put in computer depart improve our lives level. Computers can answer calculations much to a greater extent quickly and accurately than humans. For example, modern computers can perform hundreds of millions of calculations per second. Large amounts of data can be stored in a sm all(prenominal) amount of space. For example, hundreds of pages worth of text can be stored on a 31?2inch floppy disk.Computers can work continuously and perform repetitive tasks well. Unlike their human counterparts, computers do not get bored or tire. Besides, information system has been with us for a long time, may be as the history of man him self. Then pencil and the clerk dominated the period around 1955. By today standard, data processing was very key for most org anizations because i t was limited to only accounting system, payrolls etc to operate business for ex ample, order processing and invoicing but computer come on with changes.Businesses, and particularly the marketing aspect of businesses, rely a great deal on the use of computers. Computers play a significant role in chronicle support, processing and handling orders, communication between satellite companies in an organization, design and production of goods, manufacturing, product and market analysis, advertising, producing the company newsletter, and in some cases, complete control of company operations. In todays extremely competitive business environment businesses are searching for ways to improve profitability and to maintain their position in the marketplace.As competition becomes more intense the formula for success becomes more difficult. Two particular things have greatly aided companies in their quests to accomplish these goals. They are the ripe software products and the existence Wide Web. More and more manufacturing businesses are integrating some aspects of production, including inventory tracking, scheduling, and marketing. This idea, known as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), speeds processing of orders, adds to effective materials management, and creates considerable appeal savings.In addition to designing and manufacturing a product, a company must be effectively able to advertise, market, and sell its product. Much of what passes for business is nothing more than making connections with other throng. What if you could pass out your business card to thousands, maybe millions of potential clients and partners? You can, twenty four hours a day, inexpensively and simply on the World Wide Web. The computer is an incredibly tool. As long as we have a internet connection with computer, we are connected to the world.It is an international network that connects all websites and search engines to give us information, new, data and enter tainment. In fact, it is a global library, newspaper, and entertainment centre rolled into one. How can we say that this is a bad thing? At the click of the mouse, we can get any information we want. We dont have to go to the library to do it. Many local libraries do not have the resources that the computer has. We can also talk to anyone in the world as long as with internet connection , they allow people across the globe to communicate with each other, no matter at what time, via the use of email or any socials network.We do not have to compose a letter, put it in an envelope with stamp and post it, waiting for weeks for a reply. Once we e-mail someone, that person get the message almost in instantly. When we use a chatroom, we can talk to anyone in the world. The last one advantage of Computer is faster document writing. We can safely say that is a good tool to us when we have to complete our homework, assignment, projects or research. Back-up copies of work can be made easily, without having to re-write everything, and keeping of records.

Gambling Research Essay

bid refers to the play of any game where there is m cardinaly, or something of value at stake. on that point argon some(prenominal) miscellaneous forms of drama including horse races, lotteries, cassinos, scratch cards, stock market betting, and even more recently internet gambling. Although these games are meant for amateur use, the prime of gambling causes some people to become so involved in it that they become dependent on gambling. The set up of gambling provide cause price psychologic bothy, be very harmful to ones social life and bath also cause many physical damages. Gambling addiction and ghoulish gambling is not always seen as dangerous as another(prenominal) addictions like substance abuse but it can in fact be a very damaging addiction to many aspects of life and should be considered a major health puzzle.Not everyone who gambles has a gambling addiction or even has the capability of being addicted to gambling. The majority of people who gamble do not have an addiction and simply do it for recreational purposes. exactly there is a small percentage of people who gamble who are considered riddle gamblers or pathological gamblers. pathologic gamblers is described as, Pathological gambling is characterized by chronic and irresistible impulses to gamble, with consequent gambling compromises and disruptions to family, personal and vocational pursuits. (Coman, Burrows & Evans, 1997)This addiction causes the gambler to gamble very hauntly, often times they will begin to affect man-sizedger and bigger bets and receiving feelings of anxiety or picture when they are not gambling. Pathological gambling can also include gambling to recover losses from previous gambling episodes, lying to family members to try and hide their habits, committing criminal acts to obtain money for gambling and relying on others to provide money to relieve them from their financial situation. This is a very serious addiction and should be considered a major heal th problem because it can negatively affect many serious aspects of an individuals life.There are many different influences and gateways that can result to gambling and even a gambling addiction. Although things like scratch cards may not seem like a lot of a threat to becoming an addiction, they can intrigue the thought of winning money purely by chance which is a dangerous mindset to have. Another factor that can engineer to a gambling addiction is the link between the proximity from the casino and gambling participation. alimentation close to a casino causes much more availableness and can add to the possibility of gaining an addiction, additional gambling opportunities due to the presence of a casino increase the prevalence of gambling-related problems for people who function close to a casino, as compared with people who live far from one.(Sevigny, Ladouceur, Jacques & Cantinotti, 2008)People who live closer to the casino are much more belike to fairish drop by and play a few hands rather than people who live farther and have to advance an evening of it.Accessibility can have a large bushel on gaining an addiction to gambling. Also, the recent popularity of poker has a huge impact on the view of gambling for younger people. Poker has become very popular in our society today and is televised quite frequently showing these players not scarcely making a living from this game of chance, but becoming millionaires. Some of these players are seen as celebrities who can cause some younger audiences to tactual sensation up to them and strive to be like them. These aspects do not directly lead to a gambling problem but they can definitely help lead to one. Technology has become a large contributory factor to problem gambling. As stated earlier, approachability can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling and the technology of internet has brought accessibility of gambling to a whole new level. Gambling over the internet should be a major concern because the increase in gambling opportunities gives the potential for an increase in problem gamblers. Research evidence in other countries has clearly shown that where accessibility of gambling is increased there is an increase not only in the number of regular gamblers but also an increase in the number of problem gamblers. (Griffiths, 1999)Internet gambling websites has dramatically increased this accessibility which will in turn increase the number of people gambling. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a problem gambler, but the more people gambling, the more people who have the chance of becoming addicted. The popularity of internet gambling is on the rise with its easy accessibility and quickness. This popularity itself cannot lead to a gambling addiction but a number of the more popular poker players on television often promote different gambling websites where anyone of any age can play poker online. The websites allow soul to play in tournaments, play with fr iends and play with fake money or even real money. They are very appealing to people of all ages and easily accessible all the time which makes them a threat to contributing to problem gamblers and youth gambling. When someone suffers from problem gambling, it is not only that individual that is affected but their family, friends and community as well.There can be some dictatorial aspects of gambling in terms of the social effects of gambling. Gambling can be seen as a recreation, a break from their problems of everyday life and a nice night out. Yet these positive effects only exist if gambling is done in moderation. Once gambling becomes a habit and a necessity is where the negative impacts arrive. Often, its those close to the pathological gambler that suffer the most. Constant gambling takes time away from family, friends and other activities. If gambling becomes a problem, it can cause loss of trust between individuals and family members which can lead to family related proble ms and even divorce. Generally, the social problems begin with borrowing of money to support their addiction. At this point, many friends and family may lose touch with the gambler.Being distanced from those who are closest can cause desperation which may lead to criminal activity. Pathological gambling can become so severe that they can resort to criminal activity in a last effort to support their financial needs. People are more likely to commit crime without thinking of the consequences when they are in a desperation mindset which is what can happen after a big loss due to gambling. Supporters for the spread of legalized gambling make claims about economic growth and more jobs but opponents have a strong case saying, various forms of street crimes, such as robberies and automobile thefts, come with gambling, as well as problems with connections to organized crime The majority of Wisconsin problem gamblers in treatment that were interviewed in Thompson et al. (1999) admitted to cr imes as a result of their gambling activity, primarily property crimes. (Gazel, Rickman & Thompson, 2001)Pathological gamblers reach a point where there are no options left so they have to resort to illegal means to support themselves displaying the severity and control that a gambling addiction can have.Having a gambling addiction does not just affect someone economically or socially but it can deeply affect them psychologically. Once a pathological gambler is fell money, they will make bets to try and regain that money that they have lost. Instead of cutting their losses, they get deeper into debt, preoccupying themselves with gambling, determined to win big to repay their loans and solve all their problems (Griffiths, 2001). A very dangerous way of thinking is the what if I win mentality. This way of thinking is oddly dangerous because then they are more flat to make bigger bets with money they may not have to lose so they can receive bigger rewards. A large factor for whether someone develops this addiction has a lot to do with their personality.The type of personality someone has can have on whether or not someone develops a gambling addiction or not. Gambling is characterized by an unrealistic optimism by the gambler (Griffiths, 2001). For the most part people believe that optimism is a good way to live life by always seeing the positive things instead of dwelling on the negatives. Optimists are known to be less likely to suffer from depression symptoms following a stressful event and seem to have more psychological benefits when compared to pessimists.Although in terms of gambling, optimism can be counterproductive, Optimists may be especially susceptible to maintaining illusory gambling expectations. Because of their generalized expectations for success, optimists may approach gambling with the belief that they can win. (Gibson & Sanbonmatsu, 2004) Optimists may also have a tendency to look at the positive aspects in a situation which may prolong th eir gambling thinking that they will win it all back. Also, people who are essay takers are more given to gambling addiction than someone who is more conservative. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a pathological gambler and a corking deal of the matter has to do with their personality type and how they look at different negative situations.Having a gambling addiction not only affects ones social life but it can have a bulky impact on your mind and even cause physical difficulties. Pathological gamblers often suffer from stress-related disorders such as depression, insomnia, intestinal disorders and migraines. Health problems do not only occur from the gambling itself but a significant come up of people suffer problems from the withdrawal, Rosenthal and Lesieur (1992) found that at least 65 percent of pathological gamblers reported at least one physical side-effect during withdrawal including insomnia, headaches, hard-pressed stomach, loss of appetite, physical weakness, heart racing, muscle aches, breathing difficulty and/or chills. (Griffiths, 2001)It was also found that pathological gamblers experienced more physical withdrawal effects when attempting to stop than substance abusers who are attempting to quit. This is quite astonishing and again proves why gambling addiction is a very serious matter and should be considered just as much of a health problem as addiction to alcohol or other substances. Pathological gambling can cause great psychological damage and can cause people to do irrational things after a big loss which can sometimes even lead to suicide. Pathological gambling and suicide have been known to have a link to each other. Suicidal attempts among pathological gamblers are much more frequent than among the general public.The American psychiatric Association did a study that with these results, Of individuals in treatment for Pathological Gambling, 20% are reported to have attempted suicide, (American Psychiatric Association (APA)) (Penfold, Hatcher, Sullivan & Collins, 2006) For many gamblers, coping with the negative emotions relating to their issues in their life can be overwhelming. Feelings of shame, hopelessness and failure may be hard to bear which sometimes makes suicide seem like the best solution for their problems. The damage to the mental aspects is one of the reasons that make pathological gambling so dangerous. The act of gambling and casinos is a very controversial topic.There are some positive aspects to the casino and gambling that include a source of jobs and economic development. Gambling is meant to be for recreational use on occasion but it can also be very dangerous. Certain people with certain personality types and lifestyles may be prone to becoming a pathological gambler. The effects of pathological gambling can cause a lot of harm psychologically, destroy someones social and family life, cause physical damage to themselves which can even lead to their death. Gambling addiction may not be seen as dangerous or likely to happen as other addictions but the results from being a pathological gambler can be just as harmful as other addictions and should be considered just as much as a serious health issue as everything else.ReferencesGriffiths, M. (1999). Gambling Technologies Prospects for Problem Gambling. Journal of GamblingStudies, vol.15, no.3, p.265-283.Griffiths, M. (2001). Gambling An Emerging Area of Concern for Health Psychologists. Journal ofPsychology, vol.6, no.5, p.477-479.Gibson, B., & Sanbonmatsu, D. (2004). Optimism, Pessimism, and Gambling The Downside of Optimism.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 149-160.Coman, J., Burrows, G., & Evans, B. (1997). Stress and Anxiety as Factors in the fire of Problem Gambling Implications for Treatment. Stress Medicine, Vol.13, no.4, p.235-244.Sevigny, S., Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C., & Cantinotti, M. (2008). Links between Casino Proximity andGambling Participation, Expenditure, and Patho logy. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol.22, no.2, p.295-301.Penfold, A., Hatcher, S., Sullivan, S., & Collins, N. (2006) Gambling Problems and Attempted Suicide. Part1. High prevalence amongst Hospital Admissions. International Journal of Mental Health andAddiction, vol.4, no.3, p.265-272.Gazel, R., Rickman, D., & Thompson, W. (2001) Casino Gambling and Crime a Panel Study of WisconsinCounties. Managerial and Decision Economics, vol.22, no.1-3, p.65-75.

Questions on circe and book 10 of the Odyssey Essay

1. What has happened up to the point that Odysseus meets Circe but after he leaves the land of the Cyclops Polyphemus chases after Odysseus and his men throwing boulders that narrowly miss them. Odysseus tells Polyphemus his name and Polyphemus curses Odysseus. They go to Aeolia and trip ups given a bag of wind by Aeolus. Odysseus falls asleep and his men open the bag as they think it contains gold. The wind comes out and gets blown of course. The break-dance at the Lystragonians and three of his men get eaten by the cannibal giants. When arriving at Circes island, he splits the men into groups and sends half away to look for the house.His men get turned into pigs by Circe and Eurylochus returns to tell Odysseus. Odysseus then ventures alone to save his men. Hermes gave Odysseus a herb to eat and how to fight off Circe. 8/10 B) How is vividness and inflaming shown when Circe tries to drug Odysseus dark forebodings pursued uses lighting chassisry to show the eerie and ominous fut ure Odysseus sees in the forest. high Olympus in reference to w present Hermes is returning to would be exciting to an ancient audience to see Odysseus gaining the help of Gods. The adjective beautiful to describe the chair vividly shows the richness and elegance Circe has in her home.Odysseus drinks the drug without suffering any magic effects the anticipation of whether the drug would have worked or not shows Odysseus as being immune to her evil intent. He snatched my keen make the verb snatched and rushed shows an element of surprise to Circe adding to the dramatic fighting scene. Circe shrieks adding to the imagery of senses by which the audience can vividly feel her fear. Circe clasped my knees to which this supplication adds excitement due to the event that the magic herb has worked so well for Odysseus.Circes words had wings which vividly shows her elegance in the way she enchantingly speaks. Circe tells Odysseus that she was always told to expect (him) here which emphasis es excitement to which he was meant to succeed and come to her. 18/20 C) Who should be admired the nearly, Circe or Calypso? Both Circe and Calypso play main roles as women in the Odyssey who help and hinder Odysseus, but their wit and mannerism should be admired. Circe first comes into the Odyssey at book 10. Circe is described as evil in her midpoint which instantly doesnt make her a good or moral character.Circe in like manner fails to show xenia to Odysseus as although she does offer him food, she asks multiple questions to him. An ancient audience would generate the lack of xenia wrong and as an insult to Zeus. Similarly, she tries to manipulate him by complementing him. Simonides wrote about emotional women who use sex as a weapon, as well as this, Aristotle said that women would destroy men if left alone, women would destroy men. This is what Circe does by living alone and burning men into pigs. She turned Scylla into a rock out of covetous which leads into Simonides poe m of women.Alternatively, when we first meet Circe (before she sees Odysseus) she is weaving and singing which would be what a women should be expected to do, there for meeting moral and social expectation of a woman. As she does live alone, the fact she can defend herself and try to stay alive (by supplicating herself) shows bravery against potential harm. However, she does hinder Odysseus journey by a category by their own will but does end up helping them with the correction direction to sail in. Book 5 has Odysseus on Ogygia with the sea houri Calypso for 7 years. She holds him captive as he cries on the beach every day.Calypso uses her own selfish means to keep Odysseus on her island. When Hermes comes to the island, she also doesnt show him xenia as she bombards him with questions. She fights and argues to keep Odysseus even though it is not permitted to marry him. Her own name means concealment in Greek. Calpyso, like Circe, is the image of a good woman as she is also found singing and weaving. Even though she could have kept Odysseus on the island, she helps him build a vision to leave. She is able to let go of her own feelings to aid Odysseus on his journey back to Ithaca.She also obeys Zeus orders. To an ancient audience and for moral reasoning, Circe is to be the near admired for she greatly aids Odysseus. In saying this, without the help of Hermes, Odysseus would have been killed thus Circes actions are intently evil. Calypso should be admired the most for without her letting Odysseus leave, his journey would have come to an end. Although she also needed Hermes to let him go, her intentions were pure. She loved Odysseus and they often has a physical relationship. She let him go and sacrificed her feelings to make him happy.

Report of the Leadership Camp Essay

On the 27th- 29th, Co-curricular Unit of SMK Tun Mamat organised a Leadership Camp at Perimbun Resort , Cheras. The inner circle was attended by all presidents and secretaries of the various inns in school. About 72 participants include facilitators joined this triple daylights camp. Its objective is to install leadership qualities and to amend teamwork among presidents and secretaries of various clubs. Youth leaders from local university are invite to be facilitators along this three days camp. Facilitators are invited from local university, known as University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). During this three days camp, several activities are arranged for participants. On the first day, after the registration of participants a briefing about the camp was given by facilitators. by and by that, participants were setting up tents.Then, participants were distributed among several gatherings and group activities were held. By participate in group activities, one can improve the leade rship qualities such as group leader quality and also teamwork. Leader of the group should have a clear vision of what they want their team to achieve. Not only must thither be an awareness of this common goal of the group but it must also be shared and agreed upon with the other members of the team. On the second day morning , it was a morning exercise. Some survivals skills are explained by facilitators.Those survival skills are important to all presidents and secretaries of clubs.In this camp , some of the important attributes that go into producing a good leader were highlighted. Such us , understand that every team member is different , be a model . An effective leader should firm the team up by having team and individual meetings to inspire and motivate team members. This can be done when a member of club representing to a competition. During the night , participants go on a ten-mile hike. The last day of the camp is the most memorable part . On the third day , in that respec t was a feedback session whereby participants have been asked about the camp. The co-curricular unit of SMK Tun Mamat was able to carry out this camp successfully because of the high commitment and dedication of all teachers and students.

On Theory of Brief History of Translation Essay

Abstract In general, since compassionate beings started transmutation activities, the study of explanation has never ceased. Discussions about translation brook become so usual that various translation theories have been constellationed gradually in Chinese. In this paper, Habermass theory of communicatory natural process reinterpreting the concept of the savvy of translation studies, and Translation to indicate this special form of cross-cultural chat in how to in force(p)ly interpret metaphor.Key manner of speaking theory of communicatory action metaphor comprehension translation 1. inception Translation is a metaphor of spoken communication as the carrier of the cross-cultural talk activities, just now excessively a wording that will carry the message to a nonher terminology to the inter subjectivity of communicative action. Inter subjectivity of communicative action for the research, after Germany modern philosopher Habermass theory of communicative action (Th eory of Communication Action) opened the door for people impertinently window.The theory isswelling in incompatible philosophic ideas and views to choose based on the creation of a complex, multifaceted rational alliance system, it understood as the core language, based on critical theory of the financial community, general pragmatics, social ontogenesis theory as a unified framework. 2. Under the theory of communicative action the concept of translation studies to empathise 2. 1 Translation studies in the new way AC Zhu act theory. Translation Studies from the traditional structural linguistics semantic stage to stage, the development of transmission 90 to the 20th century deconstructionism of the stage, after a lengthy process.Semantic translation of the traditional paradigm by the impact of the Hellenic theory of knowledge, that man is the soul, the correspondence of the object is totally dependent on the translators unobjective feelings, emphasizing the translators und erstanding and inspiration, emphasis on spirit and Transformation, had gained the so- chew the fated meretricious in the pan. Because it is too much emphasis on the translators initiative to reach out this cross-cultural communication activities translate into a mystical practice. 80 years of the 20th century, structural linguistics in China set off a new upsurge in Translation Studies.People started to recompense attention the text, try to use linguistic analysis methods instead of intuitive feeling that in the mixed hidden bottom the talking to of a universal and regularities, as foresightful as it pile examine the expression of all, making the translation into a simple mechanical operation, that is, the semantics of a target language atomic number 18 stored in the source language and regulations put a rule in the semantic content of cerebration into the preparation of. Obviously, such a tool and went to the other extreme too much emphasis on language as the object o f the role of law, then followed by the fierce criticism of the ideological trend. deconstruction gives people a new way of thinking. It broke structure, deconstruction of the system so that the provisions of cardinal dollar to diversify the situation, the logical name translation from the language of Sri Lanka fetters doctrine, scarce still it will be translated once again into the irrational, too much publicity consciousness, so that interpretation becomes an infinite delay activity, the understanding and exchanges between people seems to have become impossible. How to overcome this ideology of intolerance, exertionive language as strong suit of intercultural communication activities?I believe that the use of Habermass theory of communicative action, for the translation of research to husking a new way of reason. 2. 2 Translation understands the concept of re-interpretation. A French translator say The translation is to understand and make people understand. Building unders tanding is the cornerstone of translation is the for the first time shout in the process of translation, not a good understanding of the translation step. When we think the theory of communicative action has opened a new translation of the windows, it is necessary to understand the concept of re-interpretation.Habermas believes that the language as a medium of social fundamental interaction, verbal communication to understand each other, or far from effective communication. Communicative action in the language, that language, the analysis tooshie be regulated. Each expression acts and statements have the effect the dual structure. Purposes of section as the main(prenominal) statement, in the communication layer between the main lie inency and vice statement as part of statement, in the main contents of the table between the layers. initiate of the implementation of speech acts in a decisive role, because it limits the relationship between language and the find outer, but i nterchangeablely the convey of the Statute of the contents of the statement. The two structures in the speech act are interdependent. Sometimes words that are a part of which may be stressed, but it does not mean denying other part, but it only temporarily relegated to a secondary position. For interpreter, my phone barrage fire died, the phrase, seemed to be merely stating the fact that busy phone battery is dead, but in fact it implies a variety of behavioral importee ?because the battery died, so I just did not pick up the phone ? I must go recharge ? I will not carry a cell phone and with PHS, the PHS something please call me. This is the hidden part of the implementation of, According to the specific situation it would serve the settles of this or that effect. Searle that the idea of the real loudspeaker, or intrinsic figureality is converted to words, statements, signs, symbols, etc. , these words, statements, signs, symbols meaningful to speak out if they have a Fro m the speakers thoughts in the derived intentionality.They not only have the traditional linguistic sense, but also with the intention of the speakers meaning. This is undoubtedly the words of Habermas and similar to the dual structure theory. Accordingly on the significance of understanding is also necessary to double the corresponding division. Understand a word should be separate into two to look at the origination layer is the known what on the issue, and in the communication layer is the know-how of the problem.Know -what is the statement that those who understand how to reach such a clear knowledge and understanding that it can acquire the knowledge from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him to be able to understand semantics, syntax, rules, line up the words, statements, foretoken the symbol what constitutes the meaning. know how is the statement that those who have the ability to construct or implement the ability of this speech act is an implicit sentience of the rules from the perspective of those who understand, to ask him who can understand the speech of this implicit awareness of the rules.In this dual understanding, understanding of the content of verbal expression is an understanding (know-what), but to those who truly put of mountains the inner speech must enter double intentionality train understanding (know-how), that is part of the implementation of the understanding. Therefore, understanding can not be stuck in the form of a priori judgments must be reached in the communication process. to understand the goal is to guide a recognition that the sharing of knowledge, trust each other, the two internationalist interdependence consistent with the subjective.It not only includes the traditional understanding of linguistic expressions, but also in connection with each other that the normative discourse related to the correctness of the background, and between the two main some kind of coordination , and the two participants in the process of communication is something the world to reach understanding, and the intention to make himself understood each other. 3. fables Habermass theory of communicative action on the construction of translation studies methodological analysis has the macro guidance of translation practice is also instructive significance?View of the Newmark said, metaphor translation is a microcosm of all the language translation, because translation to the translation of metaphor methods were showing a wide range of choices either transfer its meaning, or reshape its project, or a modification of their, or their meaning and image of the perfect combination. The following instructions will use the metaphor theory of communicative action in cross-cultural communication The Interpretation of. Metaphor is a phenomenon of language use in the Dictionary not found in metaphor. Metaphor from the modern point of view of science should be in the form of metaphor with the exception, belong to di fferent categories in the semantics, logic dislocation, resulting in a semantic conflict, and when the listeners have responded to the conflict, it generates a metaphorical sense, that is a metaphor to understand the words. For the metaphor of the operating mechanism, it was actually made such a description Metaphor involves two different areas (areas) concept the production of metaphorical meaning is the result of the interaction between the two concepts.This interaction by mapping the way in the mapping process, belonging to a related concept and structure of the field was transferred to another area, the final after the formation of a new synthesis of conceptual structure, that is, metaphorically. And this mapping and integration process is based on two areas of similarity in some respects. This is no doubt that the understanding of the need to double by metaphor. The process of understanding metaphors consist of two parts the identification and metaphorical meaning metaphors de ductence. In fact this is a secondary level of understanding into the process of understanding.Give an example of people often referred to The vocabulary is a fire , from the presentation layer of understanding (an understanding), tongue by the American Heritage Dictionary defines this way the fleshy, movable, muscular organ, given in most vertebrates to the floor of the mouth, that is principal organ of taste, an aid in chewing, and swallowing, and, in human beings,, substantial organ of speech . We can say that the tongue is an important organ as the human body, the first and most vertebrates have the same(p) taste and chew and auxiliary swallowing function, in addition to, or who have speech capabilities important language organ.to the basic meaning of the center, tongue behind the formation of the word meaning a large collection it can mean something shaped like a tongue, such as tongue of flame (flame), channelize tongue (rail-oriented switch rail), switch tong (switch to c opper), can also refer to human speech acts and speech capabilities, for example, hold ones tongue (keep silent), lose ones tongue (lose the capacity to speak, as from shock).The other key words in the speech act of fire, in the American Heritage Dictionary can be found in the following definition a rapid, opinionated chemical change that releases change and light and is accompanied not flame.the same , the meaning behind it can be found in the collection, such as, cooking fire (cooking fire), forest fire (forest fire), antic fire (wildfires), the fire of cannon fire), and other specific forms of the fire. You can also find other meaning, such as the boy is full of fire (which decided the boy is very warm and excited), He was on fire for mismanagement (because of poor management and blamed). When the tongue and the fire both carry the meaning of their Brobdingnagian collection of words is embedded in the basic language of A is B frame (sentence) to go when the logical relationsh ip between the two on the adoption of is, to interact. Is used to denote a resemblings. it literally, or change a point of view, the presentation layer from the listeners understanding of the term should be reasoning as follows the tongue is a fire . is meaning that the two sets is in some ways equivalent. However, we are both from the above understanding of the meaning of the word of view, they clearly belong to two different categories, among them with a is connected, the the equivalent of conventional logic does not work, so from the presentation layer, we can identify this is a metaphor, thus completing the first part of understanding metaphors.When the listener is clear that to use metaphorical language behavior, the expressed will of the true meaning of metaphors to infer, that understanding will enter the second stage of course, understand the purposes of this part of speech acts, understanding the original speakers thoughts, or inner intention. Can be assumed that if The tongue is a fire is said to give an artist is accused by the media to listen to, then the speaker or may contain a sympathetic glance report of intention. Artists are always much media attention, due to For various reasons, may be one-sided media, the exaggerated reports of certain facts, and distribute such a report will be turned into a stumbling news and rumors, they will more(prenominal) or less to the artist himself or his cause to bring a number of trouble.The context is the equivalent of the tongue and the fire provides a logical possibility the tongue the language of human organs the words of the act media coverage people reported adverse reactions (Wei news and rumors) to the artists themselves or their cause trouble (damage to repute or hinder the cause of development), the fire will shine the chemical substances excessive light and heat of fire, destroying things, or plain result in death, so that both the destruction of the found a similar function, logical rea soning tenable.The tongue is a fire means a variety of popular artists and no shortage of opinions and statements in the news or rumors coffee, they may attack their personality, or even because of their presence, the company bring up the employment relationship, or no one would dare ask this artistes. So we have reason to infer that the speaker is the issue of Renyankewei sigh, or cautioned entertainers say and pay attention to their own to avoid capture by the media hype after which her career. At this point, the listener to complete the original speech act of an effective understanding, guiding the listener and the speaker of some sort of recognition.Complete understanding of metaphor, must be made finished an understanding (understanding of the content of verbal expression) to reach two to understand (the intrinsic intentionality of the speech understanding of those). In the same language system is the case, between systems in different languages should be so, because only th en can an effective cross-cultural exchanges. How should we operate on the self-evident metaphor translation, or the preservation of the source language metaphor, or metaphor replaces the target language, or to have the target languagedominance feasibility, as long as it helps the reviewer to complete the intention of listening comprehension.3. 1 Preservation of the source language metaphor. When the Metaphor and figurative language and translation in the source completely or substantially the same language, the metaphor for the body of the source language, target language readers will have to listen to listen to readers of the source language similar to the psychological Lenovo, and complete understanding of similar intent, target language are advised to hold on the source language metaphor.such as Links to Research (1) He is the only givees. English fox, fox and Chinese refer to the same animal, when it was used as that person when they contain cunning in Italy, even listen to t he reader and writer, said in a different language systems and cultural background, it can in effect understand the implementation of the partial speech act be careful of this man, he is cunning. Another example (2) think tank think tankThink tank in the Chinese culture does not exist in, but the program library in Chinese culture, store things in the middle, so even though the people in Chinese culture has not been recognized with the library to describe the characteristics of thought The collection, but this library of knowledge to guide on English culture think tank , the identity, so library This Vehicle can save down.After all, this cross-cultural communication, we can not underestimate the listen to the readers understanding, not to deprive them of their understanding of rights. In the translation process, in order to achieve the purpose of cross-cultural communication, and sometimes need to work to preserve the source language metaphor, that metaphor at the same time preserv e the source language to make the appropriate explanation.Such as (3) What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop? Here is the vulnerable place, the heel of Achilles, for individualistic production. (Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844) If the complete cessation of growth in yearly production, what the situation is going to do? Like Achilles heel, as this will be the Achilles heel of capitalist production.

Radical Leadership Essay

1.Describe Ricardo Semlers leadership style. What do you think the advantages and drawbacks of his style energy be? Ask your students to select two leadership models that would help to portray Ricardo Semlers leadership style. In his own words, Semler is the leading proponent and most tireless evangelist of participative management. He places little emphasis on traditional features of corporate management as he avoids written rules, policy manuals, dress codes, and organization charts. Semler empowers employees to start managerial decisions, including strategic plans and leadership positions for the company.Challenges incurred in implementing Semlers leadership style might occur in the recruitment of qualified individuals who are a good fit for this organizational culture and providing the ticking and tuition needed for employees in this type of work environment.2.What challenges might a radically hands-off leader face up? How could those challenges be addressed? A manager who adopts a radically hands-off leadership style faces challenges as well as opportunities for managerial success. In using this style, a leader places a great total of trust in the ability of employees and in their dedication to the achievement of organizational goals. The efforts required to reach these goals whitethorn require a willingness by employees to go the extra mile and to show a high tier of devotion to the fulfillment of the leaders vision for the company.A leader who uses the participative management come up should concur training and development programs for employees in order to equip them for empowerment and leadership roles. This leader must be an individual who gives credit to the employees who are responsible for the successes of the organization.Moreover, a leader who adopts the participative management approach should recruit and train for diversity. The implications for training involve emphasis on situational and contingency models. Managers must be willing to seek employees who strike strengths that are lacking in management. By hiring employees who supply needed qualities and skills, managers are gaining employees whose strengths complement the skills and talents already pay in the organization.3.How could future leaders be identified in this organization? Would leadership training be important to this organization? Discuss. By exercising the responsibility and authority already given to them by management, employees of Semler are preparing to be future leaders of the organization in their work every day. These employees are truly reading by doingone of the most effective methods of training. By empowering his employees, Ricardo Semler enjoys the opportunity to observe their skills, dedication, and leadership qualities firsthand. Thus, his ability to secernate potential leaders is greatly enhanced by his leadership style.4.What could other businesses learn from Ricardo Semlers approach to leadership? Managers in other businesses could learn about the benefits of empowering and equipping employees to make major managerial contributions to an organization. By carefully observing and studying Semlers leadership style, other leaders could gain insight into the revalue of establishing trust between employees and management and demonstrating confidence in employees ability to assume leadership roles.

Inventory Management on Performance

DECLARATION I, Lucy Lakot, do decl ar hereby that this proposal is my original work and that it has not been submitted for an award of a diploma or a pointedness in any institution of higher(prenominal) learning anywhere. Signature. Date APPROVAL This is to satisfy that this research proposal is compose under my inspection and is now ready for submission to the Faculty of business and development studies (FBDS) Signed Date Mr. Mshilla Maghanga DEDICATION I dedicate this proposal to my late mformer(a), Mrs Adong Santina, my father, Mr.Pungole, my brother Okello Innocent, late Okello Alex, my beloved sister Alal Cavin, Atenyo Nighty, Aol Grace and Lucy Lakot TABLE OF t equal to(p) of contents Contents Pages DECLARATIONi APPROVALii DEDICATIONiii TABLE OF CONTENTSiv LISTS OF ABBREVATIONS/ACRONYMSviii LIST OF TABLESix CHAPTER ONE mental home1 1. 0Introduction1 1. 1Background1 1. 3Purpose of the Study3 1. 4Objectives of the Study4 1. 5 look into Questions4 1. 6Scope of the Study4 1. 6 . 1Geographical scope4 1. 6. 2Subject Scope5 1. 6. 3Time Scope5 1. 7 Signifi laughingstockce of the Study5 1. Structure of the Research Proposal6 CHAPTER TWO publications REVIEW7 2. 0Introduction7 2. 1The Concept of Inventory Management7 2. 2Techniques of Inventory Management in Organization8 2. 2. 1First In First Out (FIFO)8 2. 2. 2 stick bug out In exuberant Out (LIFO)9 2. 2. 3Weighted Average9 2. 2. 4The Re Order Level System (ROL)/ Fixed Order Point System9 2. 2. 5The Periodic follow System/ Fixed Interval10 2. 2. 6The Economic Order Quantity Analysis (EOQ)10 2. 2. 7The ABC Analysis10 2. 2. 8Just In Time Technique10 2. 3Principles of adept Inventory Management11 2. 3. Cleanliness and Organization11 2. 3. 2The Principles of pedigree Rotation12 2. 3. 3 track12 2. 4Organizational Performance12 2. 4. 1Indicators of Performance14 2. 4. 2Social certificate of indebtedness15 2. 4. 3St laygic Cost Management15 2. 4. 4Information Sharing15 2. 4. 5Flexibility16 2. 5 race between In ventory Management and Performance16 CHAPTER leash METHODOLOGY18 3. 0Introduction18 3. 1Research Design18 3. 2Area of call for18 3. 3Target population18 3. 4Population and Sample Size19 3. 4. 1Procedures of info Collection20 3. 4. 2Sample Technique20 . 5 info Sources20 3. 5. 1Primary info21 3. 5. 2Secondary Data21 3. 6Data Collection modes21 3. 6. 1Questionnaires21 3. 6. 2Observation elapse22 3. 6. 3Interview guide22 3. 7 Data Processing and Analysis22 3. 7. 1Data Analysis and Management22 3. 8Ethical Considerations23 3. 9Limitation of the Study23 REFERENCE25 APPENDICES27 APENDIX 1 WORK PLAN 201227 APENDIX 2 BUDGET ESTIMATES28 APPENDIX 3 QUESTIONAIRE INSTRUMENTS29 SECTION A Demographic Char portrayaleristic29 SECTION B Techniques of neckcloth prudence in Anaka common hospital? 0 SECTION C Indicator of the organisational doing31 SECTION D The blood between muniment precaution and shapingal deed33 SECTION E Evaluation of the factors that affects the performance of Anaka commonplace in ho applyary34 LISTS OF ABBREVATIONS/ACRONYMS AGHAnaka public infirmary AVSIAssociazi bingle Volontari Peril Servizio Internationale DHODistrict wellness Officer EOQEconomic Order Quantity FIFOFirst in First let let on LIFOLast in First come out MS medical examination Superintendent NDLGNwoya District Local Government PHCPrimary Health C beROLRe secernate Level SWOTStrength, Weakness, luck and Threat WHOWorld Health Organization LIST OF TABLES Table 1 3 The police detective samples coat of its CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 0Introduction This chapter highlights the storehouse- taking worry and performance in ordinary public Hospital case argonna of Anaka normal Hospital Nwoya District. This chapter gives the background to the meditate, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, scope of the study, significance of the study and give notice (of) structure. . 1Background Anaka universal Hospital (AGH) was constructed in 1969 and opened in 1974 by the president of the Government of Uganda at that clip. It is a govern Hospital with 100 bed expertness, it is the referral facility and head quarter for Nwoya Health sub district. It provides all primary health c atomic number 18 services (PHC), for examples curative, preventive, promotive and rehabilitation to Anaka sub-county and referral to the entire district.The vision is to improve the health of the lot of Nwoya district in social club to promote a healthy and mathematical productive population In previous(predicate) returns and non-profit making disposals, inventories constitute an important element in the dole outment of the arranging. The need for scroll wariness is influenced by the capacity of managing decisions since the existence of inventories volition be fit(p) by the capacity precaution strategies which atomic number 18 to be employed ( Wild, 1995).Inventory circumspection refers to the organisationa l efforts and procedures aimed at protecting the staunch from extensive or short take aims of inventories and to maintain sufficient ancestry for smooth performance and sales (Pandey, 2003). Inventory wariness in Anaka ecumenical Hospital stores centrees on how many units of each blood lineing dots be to be held in stock, how much should be issued at a given time and at what dot should inventory be issued and dispatched ( Johns, 2002).For effective watchfulness of inventories, co-operation of the various discussion sections in the organization is need. The departments vary from organization to another but they usually involve the purchasing department as the most important although each of which has a role to play in coordination amongst themselves to press forward efficient and smooth exhibit of ordering, receiving, issuing and usage of materials is inevitable (White, 1997).When inventories be properly managed, it leads to change magnitude intersection hence improved organisational performance. Organizational performance comprises the actual out dumbfound or results of an organization as measuring stickd against its intended outputs or aspirations and objectives. According to Richard et al. (2009) organizational performance encompasses one-third specific cranial orbits of a firm outcome financial performance, product market performance, and shargonholder return.In recent socio-economic classs, many organizations substantiate attempted to manage organizational performance using the balanced scorecard modeology where performance is tracked and measurementd in triune dimensions such as In recent years, many organizations have attempted to manage organizational performance using the balanced scorecard methodology where performance is tracked and measured in multiple dimensions such as- customer service , social responsibility and employee stewardship Although the Balanced Scorecard has become rattling popular, there is no single version of the model that has been universally accepted.The diversity and unique requirements of take issueent enterprises project that no one-size-fits-all approach pull up stakes ever do the job. Performance measurement is the use of statistical endorse to interpret progress towards specific defined organizational objectives. in that respect atomic number 18 many types of measurements. In school, exams are graded to establish the academic abilities in sports, time is clocked in split seconds to verify the athletic abilities. too in organizations, there are various tools and measurements to de calline how well it performs.Gamble, Strickland and Thompson (2007, p. 99) provide a comprehensive method for measuring performance of organizations. How well each company performs is dependent on the strategic plan. Some of the measurements imply basic financial ratios such as debt-to-equity ratio and if the levels are an issue with credi bothrthiness. 1. 2Statement of the Problem Inventory instruction is concerned with the oversight of inventories that are crucial for the efficient and effective track of an organization.However, even if Anaka oecumenical Hospital is practicing dangerous inventory steering techniques/ praxiss, it has continuously failed to meet the expectations of its customers that is to say the patients in the hospitals and the health centers it serves (The District placard of Survey Report 2011). These facts whitethorn be due to untimely pitch of medical checkup supplies, poor bore of the medical supplies as well as employing incompetent workers who lack skills and the knowledge required.This has impacted on the general performance of the Hospital negatively therefore it is upon this hind end that encourages the researcher to carry out an investigation into this anomaly hence prompting the research. 1. 3Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to find out whether inventory management affects performance in Anaka Gene ral Hospital, Nwoya district 1. 4Objectives of the Study The specific objectives of the study volition be 1. To find out the techniques used in inventory management in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 2.To establish the levels of performance in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 3. To examine the relationship between inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya District 1. 5Research Questions In order to arrive at the above stack objectives, the study leave alone focus on the following(a) research questions. 1. What are the techniques used in inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 2. What are the levels of performance in Anaka General Hospital? 3. What is the relationship between inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital? 1. 6Scope of the Study . 6. 1Geographical scope The study go forth be carried in Anaka General Hospital Nwoya district. This is chosen because the researcher stays within Anaka Town Council and its cheaper in impairment of transport and accommodation. 1. 6. 2Subject Scope The study volition cover the important aspects in the variables under the study by taking into account the techniques of inventory management, importance of inventory management and the indicators of performance in Anaka General Hospital 1. 6. 3Time Scope The study will be undertaken within a period of five months ranging from February 2012-June 2012.This time is chosen to provide a good cut for the attainment and access to the most recent info on inventory management and performance in Anaka General Hospital. 1. 7 Significance of the Study The study is evaluate to benefit and contribute through the following ways. 1. The study is part of the partial requirements for the award of a bach point in time in Business Administration in Gulu University 2. The study will also help the researcher to widen the understanding of the relationship between inventory management and its associated constitutes and w ill help in acquiring more(prenominal) knowledge in the variable under study. . The study may also act as a basis for future research in the field of inventory management and performance. 4. The study may help policy makers in coming up with the procedures and strategies in inventory management and performance. 1. 8Structure of the Research Proposal Chapter one contains the debut, background of the study, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study and scope of the study.Chapter two contains the review of relevant literature that has been advanced by different writers in the field of inventory management and performance with the aim of finding the relationship between the two variables. Chapter three consists of descriptions of how the study will be conducted that is, introduction, research design, sampling design, sample size, sampling population, sources of data, data collection methods, data processing abstract and explanation and borderations to the study.CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 0Introduction This chapter presents the existing literature in the field of inventory management and performance . Here the concept of inventory management is defined according to different authors, techniques of inventory management, tenets of inventory management, organizational performance, indicators of performance and the relationship between inventory management and performance are presented among others. 2. 1The Concept of Inventory ManagementInventory management refers to the organizational efforts and procedures aimed at protecting the firm from excessive and inadequate levels of inventories and to maintain sufficient inventories for the smooth production (Pandey, 2003). Inventory management is concerned essentially with the use and control of inventories. The need for inventory is influenced by capacity decisions since the existence of inventories will in parts be determined by the c apacity management strategies which are to be employed ( Wild, 2002).According to Gilbert et al (2000) inventory management has been defined in terms of an organization that aims at determining the range of qualities of materials and products, which should be stocked, and the regulation of the receipts and issues of materials. He further noted that inventory management must ensure that the business has the set sum of goods in the right place and at the right time under inventory management, efforts should be made or placed at the right time, with the right quantity, with the right theatrical role at the right place.Broadly Lysons (2002) defines inventory as raw materials, work in progress and finished good. Inventory management aim at providing both internal and external customers with the required service levels in terms of quality and order fill rate, ascertaining present and further arrangements for all types of inventory to avoid over stocking while avoiding bottlenecks in pr oduction and apostrophizes to a minimum by pattern reductions, economic sizes and analytic thinking of embody incurred in confineing and carrying inventories.For effective management of inventories, it requires the co-operations of the various departments in the way the organization handles its inventories. The responsibility of managing work in progress and finished products may be with the material control department equally it could line close to other section within the organization (Muhleman, 2000). According to Gupta (2001) inventory management is described as the process that involves fixing the minimum and maximum inventory levels, determining the size of the inventory to be carried at a given time and the issue price policy. 2. 2Techniques of Inventory Management in OrganizationAccording to Nixon (2008), inventory management techniques include 2. 2. 1First In First Out (FIFO) This method often referred to as (FIFO) is establish on assumption that the first inventory a cquired is the first inventory sold or issued out. In other than each sale is made out of the oldest inventories in stock. The polish inventories there for consists of the most recent cost which may be adopted by any business regardless of whether or not the physiological flow of merchandise actually corresponds to this assumption of selling the oldest units in stock. 2. 2. 2Last In Fast Out (LIFO)This method is based on the principle that materials entering store/production unit are the most belatedly purchased. This means materials issued to production are prized/issued using the most recent purchased price, the batch of goods purchased most recently are issued first. The closing stock is therefore setd at the oldest purchase price. 2. 2. 3Weighted Average According to the institute of management Accounting (capital of the United Kingdom) weighted average cost is calculate by dividing total of materials in the sock from which the materials to priced or issued would be drown b y the total quantity of materials in stock.When the average costing method is used, the cost figures determined for the ending inventories are influenced by the various price paid during the year. The price paid primaeval at the year may carry as much weight in pricing the ending inventories as a price paid at the end of the year. If the price has been rising during the year, the average conflate cost will be less than the current cost prevailing at the balance winding-clothes date. 2. 2. The Re Order Level System (ROL)/ Fixed Order Point System The reorder level is the level at which a replenishment order should be placed in order that delivery is when the minimum level is reached. Orders for the same fixed quantity will be required whenever it becomes necessary to do so. The frequency with which orders are made forms according to the level of demand, ROL dust has the following characteristic a pre determined level is set for each item. When the stock level falls to the ROL, a replenishment order is issued. Organizations direct this system maintain stock records with calculated re order levels.The re order system has three control levels, the ROL which was already defined, the maximum stock level which a level above which stock should not normally rise and the minimum stock level which is a level below which sock should not be allowed to fall. It is also cognize as safety sock or buffer stock. Incase stock is to fall below this level, stoppage is likely to occur. 2. 2. 5The Periodic Review System/ Fixed Interval This system is sometimes called the constant cycle system. The stock will be reviewed at regular fixed intervals to determine whether more should be ordered.An order will be raised for the required quantity. The system as the following characteristics stock levels of all parts are reviewed at fixed interval for example every 2 weeks, where necessary, a replenishment order is issued, the quantity of the replenishment order is not a previously ca lculated economic order quantity but is based up on the likely demand until the conterminous review, the present stock level and lead time. The replenishment order quantity seeks to bring stock up to a pre determined level. 2. 2. 6The Economic Order Quantity Analysis (EOQ)EOQ is a model that is used to regulate optimum order size of the sock which will minimize the costs of ordering and holding cost. It is a deterministic type of model which assumes that all parameters (factors) are known with certainty. It assumes ordering and holding costs are known with certainty. There is a spontaneous delivery (no time lag between ordering and receiving) of items. The rate of demand is known and the demand period is normally assumed to be one year. There is unnoticeable constant price per unit and all other factors are held constant. 2. 2. 7The ABC AnalysisThis relates to the classification of materials in the store. Materials are classified according to their importance. Group A are crucial for organizational performance, if there were a dearth of such material, production shortage would occur, they champion 70% of investment in inventory. Group B may not be crucial and they may not disrupt production activities but still they are also important. They normally represent 20% of investment in the inventory. Group C are materials which may be necessary for a firms production activities but are not so important.They normally represent 10% of investment in inventory. 2. 2. 8Just In Time Technique Here items of very high value that are frequently used, it makes sense to attempt to keep low or possibly no inventory of these items and instead get frequent deliveries possibly on a daily basis. The objective is to avoid fix lots of money in stock (working capital). Organization will need to find extremely true(p) suppliers of defect free product who are just in time oriented. Just in time is based on pull concept, where by suppliers wait for a signal from their customers e arlier they deliver or replenish.According to the study carried out by AVSI in 2005 inventory management techniques being used at the event especially in areas of storage, and supply to medical supplies in Anaka General Hospital is a mixture of techniques . Stock brought today may be mixed up with already existing stock and when giving out stock to the clients, it does not matter which stock comes first either the old stock or the sore stock. 2. 3Principles of Good Inventory Management In the business world, not everyone follows good principles that aid in their success.However, the principles of inventory management cannot be ignored if the organization expects to maintain a quality business with a good reputation for always being able to assist a customer. Employing good principles is the best way to profit in any industry because it keeps the organization a float in a world. Principles maintain organizational quality and responsibility to a project and to aspects that are most important in the inventory management (Graham, 2000). 2. 3. 1Cleanliness and Organization This principle of inventory management is simple and easy to follow, if the organization simply makes it a point to do so.For example, one of the top priorities in inventory management is to maintain a clear organised store in which all items are properly stored and labeled. This is important for several reasons. Cleanliness is important for an organization, staff and products the store (Lee, 2001). The organized storage and labeling allows easy location and order pull of stock or any item in the warehouse without any difficulty in searching. 2. 3. 2The Principles of Stock Rotation If the organization employees good principles of inventory management it will be certain to rotate the stock, selling through order stock before delivering into new shipments.This will ensure that the organization always has fresh products and doesnt lose money by having to write off old items (Gary, 2002). 2. 3. 3T racking Keeping careful track of all the items in the warehouse is one of the best principles of inventory management. Obviously, one can benefit greatly by employing just a fewer basic principles of inventory management in the organization work place. The more the organization work towards running a tight ship, the better off the organization will be as managers and the more paid your department in business will be. 2. Organizational Performance According to Stonner (2002) organizational performance is the measure of how effective and efficient an organization is and how well it achieves the appropriate objectives. It involves the assessment of achievements of organizational objectives and planning for the future change. That is it involves the acknowledgement of major issues and solutions relating to one or more areas such as organizational strategy, benignant resource strategy, human resource policies, organizational structure design, staff skills mix and communication channe l.Problems of this nature can significantly limit organizational performance and development (Deloitte, 2006). Armstrong (2000) defined organizational performance as a state of degree of how an organization is governed in relation to the organizational goals its capacity to successfully implement set objectives in order for it to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Organizational performance is therefore a process it can be positivistic or negative. Negative organizational performance is a degree in which an organization deviates from its set goals and objectives during the murder of the short term and long term goals.For organizational performance to be affirmatoryly achieved, management should set short term and specific goals that can be feasible as well as able to guide long term goals. An organizational budget estimate should be tailored to meet its goals and objectives by diagnoseing and removing obstacles during the implementation of the estimates. Pandey (20 02) defined performance as the financial strength and weakness of a firm by properly establishing a link between the balance sheet and income statement.He further argued that performance entails effectiveness which refers to the firms ability to serve and produce what is required by the market at a limited time effectively, which refers to the firms ability to serve and produce what is required by the market at a particular time effectively, which refers to the firms ability to serve and produce whats required by the market at a particular time effectively which means meeting the objectives of the swallow possible cost with the highest benefit.Kotler (2002) stated that performance measures must focus attention on what makes identities and communicates the driver of success, shop at organizational learning and provide basis for assessment and rewards. He further lamented that it can be looked at in terms of warring feasibility resource utilization and annotations. When seeking to improve the performance of an organization it is very helpful to regularly conduct assessments of current performance of the organization.Assessment might be planned, systematic and transparent (these often are the best kinds of assessments) or un planned SWOT analysis diagnosis models without recognizing or referring to them as such. Along with comparison of results to various best practices or industry standards (Pearce, 2000). The organization is used to an on issue performance management for employees, for example setting goals, monitoring the employees achievement of those goals, sharing feedback with the employee, evaluating the employee performance, rewarding performance or firing the employees.Performance management applies to organizations too and includes recurring activities to establish organizational goals, monitor progress towards the goals and make leeway to achieve those goals more effectively and efficiently. Those recurring activities are much of what leaders an d managers inherently do in their organizations some do them far better than others. 2. 4. 1Indicators of Performance The bring out performance indicator is a measure of performance, such measures are commonly used to help an organization define and evaluate how successful it is typically in terms of making progress towards its long term organizational goals.The performance indicator may be monitored using the business intelligence techniques to assess the present state of the business and to assist in prescribing a course of action (Frank, 1998). The act of monitoring the performance indicators in real term is known as business activity monitoring. The key performance indicators are frequently used to value difficulties in measuring activities such as the benefits of leadership development, engagement service and satisfaction they are typically buttoned to an organizations strategy using concepts or techniques such as balanced stored card (Quinn, 2000).The key performance indicat ors differ depending on the nature of the organization and the organizations strategy. They help to evaluate the process of an organization towards its vision and long term goals especially towards difficulties in quantifying knowledge based goals. The performance indicators differ from business drivers and aims or goals. A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school under its position in the teaching method community where as a business might consider the percentage of income from customers.Therefore, the indicators of performance include 2. 4. 2Social Responsibility These are values that guide passel in organizations and corporate. Culture that embodies those values and values held by people outside the organization (Robert, 2000). He further says that social responsibility makes people buy a product from a company because of the companys good reputation. Stonner, (2000), states that corporate culture can be a strong force for organizational performance. 2. 4. 3Strategic Cost ManagementAccording to Pearce (2000) modern businesses strategically manage their costs through identifying costs and drivers, developing appropriate process and strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating the costs so as to rear business performance. 2. 4. 4Information Sharing Quinn (2000) said that improved decision making and performance efficiently is due to naturalistic informed and detailed information sharing. He further asserts that outcomes of the relationship and interactive feedback are used o make improvements. 2. 4. 5Flexibility Flexibility of an organization is yet another determinant of performance. This means ability to manage change in a business. The increased performance of any organization is reflected in its ability to make changes without and delay. This tractableness can take a form of development needs continuous update of information or improved technology. Therefore, lack of flexibility i n an organizations activities will reflect reduced profits. 2. Relationship between Inventory Management and Performance It was observed that inventory management in organizations has a positive significant relationship with performances whereby when all the materials and inventories are properly managed they lead to increased levels of efficiency and effectiveness that will help indecision making from the organization. According to a study conducted astir(predicate) inventory management by Karamagi (2004), on bank of Uganda, with the introduction of computerized system the overall management of stock has improved with regards to monitoring, reconciliation and rate and requisition thus performance.Accordingly, inventory management has helped in tracking record process so that stocks are available all the time so that there are no stock outs and for emergency purposes. emolument and issues are posted without delay and automatically on to the system other than stock cards. Akers a nd Porter (2001) include that the use of inventory management at any level of an organization can have implications for competitive advantage. At the highest echelons of an organization, the inventory management is crucial to successful strategic planning.Duff (2001) and Mitskavick (2000) also reported that at the operable level, availability of inventory can result in increased organizational efficiencies such as increased sales, decreased inventory, increased customer service, shortened production lead times and lowered labour costs. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY 3. 0Introduction This chapter discusses the research design, area of the study, target population and methods to be used by researcher to see information, study population, sampling size and procedures, data collection tools, data analysis and limitations of the study. 3. 1Research DesignA research design is a plan to carry out a research project/ it is a pattern the research is red to follow/it is the overall plan or stra tegy for conducting the research. Oso and Onen, 2005 pg 69). For this research purpose, qualitative, quantitative and descriptive research designs will be used. The rationale for dealion of the designs above is that case study uses smaller samples for in-depth analysis other than lotion the entire population the design is also multi model, concrete and contextual in nature. 3. 2Area of study This research is going to be carried out in Anaka General Hospital, Nwoya district. . 3Target population The study will target the following grade of people medical superintendant, doctors, store keepers and other employees. They are chosen because of their day today mandate and port with inventory management issues and Performance in Anaka General Hospital 3. 4Population and Sample Size Aggarwal (198814) stated that the term population in research refers to a universe of interest to the study. A population is the group to which a researcher would like the results of a study to be generalisa ble and make reference to a specific smirch or context.The study will include medical superintendant, doctors, store keepers, District Health Officer, nurses, other employees and selected patients and other employees. A number of 54 respondents will be expected to be given the questionnaires and or interviewed. The medical superintendant, doctors, storekeepers, employees and patients will be chosen because they are the people expected to be having enough experience as partners to the field of inventory management in Anaka General Hospital Table 1 3 demo the sample sizes S/NO RESSPONDENTS NUMBER 1 Medical superintendent 1 2 Doctors 2 3 District Health officer 1 Store keeper 2 5 Nurses 12 6 Other employees(Dentist, Pharmacy, Administrator, Record Assistant, Laboratory Assistant, Darkroom Attendant) 24 7 Patient 12 TOTAL 54 Sources Source Researchers proposed sample size 3. 4. 1Procedures of Data Collection This will be based on purposive sampling According to Shaughnessy and Zech meister (1997139) purposive sampling is where the investigator selects individuals to be included in the sample on the basis of their special characteristics. This method shall be used by the researcher to find respondents who have some knowledge on the subject matter.Purposive sampling design will be used to choose the area in which the study will be conducted because of the proximity to the researcher in views of time and fund constraints. The study will purposely be based at Anaka medical stores serving in this case as service provider and the community as patients/consumers. 3. 4. 2Sample Technique The researcher will employ systematic haphazard sampling to carry out the study. Systematic random sampling will be used to select the category of respondents to be Included in the sample. The purpose of using this technique is to avoid being twist in the Selection of respondents.Systematic random samplings requires establishing the number from the population List in the camp then ulterior identify every nth member in the population from the Randomized list of the population. This technique will group the population sampled into Separate identical subjects with equal chances that share similar or same characteristics to tell equitable representation of the population in the sample. This technique is Preferred because it selects without bias. It also saves time and Money. 3. 5 Data Sources The data source shall compromise of the following 3. 5. Primary Data The researcher shall collect fresh data and for the first time which will be original in nature from Anaka General Hospital stores and will directly be obtained from the filled records. 3. 5. 2Secondary Data The researcher will review literature which contains the data that has been salt away by some other people but relevant to the researchers topic of the study for instance from magazines, journals, text books and internet sources. 3. 6Data Collection methods Data from the field will be obtained by use of combination of the following data collection methods.The researcher will use questionnaires, interview and document analysis as the main tool for collecting data. The selection of this tool will be guided by the nature of data to be amass. 3. 6. 1Questionnaires Questionnaires will be used since the research is mainly with variables that cannot be directly observed such as views, opinions, perceptions and feelings of the respondents. Such information is best collected through questionnaires. The sample size comprise of (54) Respondents and given the time constraints, questionnaires is the ideal tool for collecting data.The researcher intends to use categorized performer that is both open and closed questions and optional responses. This will alter the researcher to balance between quality and quantity of data. It will also simplify data analysis and coming out with clear report on the study. 3. 6. 2Observation guide This will be employed by the researcher to collect informatio n from Anaka General Hospital by observing how the drugs are issued to the respective users and how they are stocked in the stores. 3. 6. 3Interview guide Data shall be collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.Colin (199347) stated that a guide can be directed on a given set of predetermined questions. The researcher used an in-depth interview guide to gather information about the study. The in-depth interview approach is relevant because of the sensitivity of the issues being studied which required in-depth exploration. This will be conducted by the researcher to probe for more information in a present to face discussion with the Anaka General Hospital management. This will target the doctors and storekeepers at the Hospital 3. 7 Data Processing and Analysis 3. 7. 1Data Analysis and ManagementData analysis is defined as a process of inspecting data with the goal of highlighting useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. Data shall be obtained from detailed field notes and written data collected through questionnaires. The analysis shall involve the organization of data into themes by searching for patterns appear from data collected. The information from the questionnaires shall be written and presented by researcher as provided by the respondents. This data shall be used by the researcher to provide a descriptive analysis of the respondents understanding of store management.The findings will later be analyzed using Micro soft Excel to present the data in term of percentages using pie-charts and bar graph. This will be useful in displaying pattern in the collected data, and these patterns were used to make generalization on the basis of recommendation made. 3. 8Ethical Considerations The research topic was first sanctioned by faculty of Business and Development Studies of Gulu University research committee . The researcher will then obtain a letter of introduction from Gulu University which will be pre sented to the District Health Officer Nwoya District and Medical superintendent of Anaka General Hospital. all respondents will be informed about the purpose of the study, their freedom to participant, and also guarantee of confidentiality, the researcher also promise to provide copies of his finding to the University and the MS, DHO of Anaka General Hospital 3. 9Limitation of the Study The following are the anticipated limitations Some respondents may intend to withhold information for fear of exposing their incompetence. This will be overcomed by, ensure them of confidentiality of the information that they also stand to benefit if implementation of the recommendation of the study are taken.There may be inadequate inventory control record for review by the researcher, more so because the Hospital does not even used electronic databases. To bridge the gap, interview and discussion will be used to identify and explain the missing or inaccurate data respectively. Financial constrain t may also tump over the researcher since he is self-sponsored and to reduce the cost, the researcher will undertake some activities such as typing, cover version the research proposal, the questionnaires, the interview schedules.Time is a limitation in that the frame for submitting the search proposal is short considering the size of departments and the distance of Anaka General Hospital its 56KM from Gulu town and some respondents may delay completing of questionnaires due to their personalised commitment and these may slow down the compilation of data. To prevent these, the researcher will engage a research assistant to speed up data collection. REFERENCE Aggarwal, Y. P. (1988). Better Sampling Concepts, Techniques, Evaluation. Sterling Publishers confidential Limited, India.Board of survey report, Nwoya district local government 2011Duff (2000) Automated Accounting in modern times, Ms Graw Hill, inventory control Frank Gamble, Strickland and Thompson (2007) Environmental imp acts, focus on improving landscape performance Akers and Porter (2001), the relationship between GSCM practice and performance, JIT approach to inventory management Gilbert et al (2000), from computing journal of introduction system management, Vol 34, No 25, PP 23-28 Graham et al (2006), financial management 2nd edition, Viskas publishing house put limited Gray John (2000), Organizational behavior 4th edition, Prentince Hall, Great Britain Karamagi. H. 2004), Inventory management and gainfulness in business organization Kenneth Lysons (2000) purchasing and supply chain management, 5th edition, person Education London Kotler. P. (2002), Principle of marketing, 7th edition, Pearson London Muhleman (2000), production and operations management 2nd edition, MC Graw Hill naked as a jaybird York Oso and Onen 2005, a guide in writing research proposal and report Pandy. I. M, (2003), financial management, 8th edition, MC Graw Hill, Great Britain Ray wild (2002), implementing effective ma nagement Inc Oracle Corporations (2002), www. oracle. com Richard Mcclelan (2009) inventory management system Shaughnessy, J. J and Zechmeister, E. B (1997). Research Methods in Psychology, 4th Edition.The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. United States of America Stonner et al (2003), Principle and practice of management, 8th edition White 1997, Optimization Engine for Inventory Control, white paper from well-heeled Embryo web page, Bogazici University 1997 www. freepatentsonline. com APPENDICES APENDIX 1 WORK PLAN 2012 PHASE/ACTIVITY Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul trusty person Developing synthesis Researcher and executive program Developing a proposal Researcher and supervisor Developing and piloting of instrument Researcher and supervisor Data collection Researcher Data organization, analysis and interpretation Researcher and supervisor Typing, editing/report submission Researcher APENDIX 2 BUDGET ESTIMATES S/NO ITEMS DESCRIPTION PRICE EST IMATED AMOUNT Stationeries Rim of papers 2 20,000 40,000 Pens 10 500 5,000 flaskful disk 1 70,000 70,000 Typing and Printing 200,000 Binding 60,000 PERSONNEL Research Assistant 1 50,000 communicating 60,000 Meals 80,000 TOTAL 565,000 APPENDIX 3 QUESTIONAIRE INSTRUMENTS Dear Respondent I am Ocen Alfred Ayella a third year student of Business Administration of Gulu University.Currently I am undertaking a research study about Inventory management and organizational performance, A case of Anaka General Hospital. The purpose of the study is to enable me to obtain a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree from Gulu University. The information provided shall not only be for academic purposes but also to improve on the services delivery in success of inventory management and organizational performance in Anaka General Hospital Nwoya district. The information that you will give will be strictly confidential Instruction * Tick where options are given * Fill in t he shoes provided * Be as objective as possible SECTION A Demographic Characteristic 1. prepare (optional) 2. What is your gender?Male Female 3. In which age bracket do you fall? to a lower place 18 years 20-29 years 30-39 years above 40 years 4. Marital status? Single wed Divorced SeparatedWidowed 5. Highest level of education accomplish? Non O and A level Certificate Diploma Degree Postgraduate Master PHD 6. Current job position held at Anaka General Hospital? Medical superintendentDoctorDistrict Health officer Store keeper A NurseLaboratory AssistantPatientOther specify 7. How long have you been in this position? Below 2 years 3 years and above 5 years and above SECTION BTechniques of inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 8. What kind of inventory management do you have in the Hospital? Fixing minimum levels Maximum inventory levels Determine size of inventory All the above 9. Which techniques do you use in managing inventory? Stock rotation, just in time Last in first out (LIFO) First in First out (FIFO) Economic order quantity Weighted averages The periodic review system All the above 10. Is just in time techniques more important as pertain to inventory management? Yes No If yes, state your opinion how is it important? 11.The principle of good inventory management include (Tick all that apply) Cleanliness of the organization The principle of stock rotation Tracking All the above 12. What measures are used to improved inventory management in Anaka General Hospital? 13. The strategy that helps the Hospital to achieve the high level of inventory management? You are required to describe the extent to which your agree or disagree (Please tick (v) most appropriate of potently chord (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and powerfully Disagree (S. D) Statement S. A A. NS D SD 1. Inventory managers are responsible for receiving inventory when they arrive 2. The Hospital always verifies stock received against delivery orders 3. Does the Hospital order for inventory monthly 4. Does the Hospital order for inventory quarterly 5. Does the Hospital carried out stock taking on monthly basis 6. Does the Hospital carried out stock taking on quarterly basis 8. All relevant employees participate in Inventory management SECTION C Indicator of the organizational performance 14. Organizational performance is measured by efficiency and effectiveness of resources to achieve stated objectives Yes No 15.Organizational performance improvement includes assessment which is inform of Planned Systematic Explicit All the above 16. What are the indicators of organizational performance? Social responsibility Information sharing Flexibility Flexibility Strategic cost management Strategic cost management All the above 17. Organization performance is measured by both financial and non financial performance a) State the financial organizational performance i. ii. iii. iv. b) Non financial or ganizational performance i. ii. iii. SECTION D The relationship between inventory management and organizational performance You are required to show the extent to which your agree or disagree (Please tick (v) most appropriate of strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (S. D) STATEMENT SA A NS SD D There is a direct relationship between inventory management and organizational performance Carrying out inventory management reduces costs related with over and under stocking Without proper inventory management, The organization cant meet her customers needs in time There is high service delivery attained as a result of inventory management The organization has large assets and capital as a result of proper inventory management The organizations services are reliable and in good characterize There are ranges of services delivery option for Patient when they come The organization is able to ordinate the amoun t of products in the store and are able to reschedule priorities demand Your organization is able to obtain out of stock products in time. SECTION EEvaluation of the factors that affects the performance of Anaka General Hospital You are requested to state the extent to which you agree or disagree (Please tick the most appropriate of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Not Sure (NS), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (S. D) Statement S. A A. NS D SD 1. There is inspection of goods in your organization in order to determine defective goods. 2. There is fall out of drugs when kept for a long time 3. There is inadequate skills and knowledge of inventory planning and management in Anaka General Hospital 4. There is high rate of theft of inventories In your organization 5. There are qualified personnel who are responsible for managing inventories. Thanks you for your response and time