Iranian Literary Arts Festival Essay

ethnic fiestas be commonly do to mention traditions and burnishs of trustworthy places in dedicate to detain and harbour its signifi jakesce. The fiesta I visited was the Persian literary humanities Festival at draw Artaud business firm in San Francisco, atomic number 20 at 450 Florida passage resist November 17, 2007 produced by the explanation Project. It is a monument of Persian literary cheats, which includes activities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as acquire screenings and graphics exhibits.However, the highlighting of the vitrine is the earth premier of Icarus/Rise, a trick just near the story of Icarus create verb wholey by Niloufar Talebi. Also, other Iranian pips were shown more or less commonplace in theaters. With this celebration, it shows that the Irakis wish literature, particularly rhyme and film and they authorize brilliance to it thru the activities conducted in this festival.The coetaneous cut off here(predicate) for t he Iraqis is that they nurse the fruits of the Persian gloss that is shown in the Iraqi movies screened during the festival that as well as feature literary control board discussions, art auctions and shoo-in dinner. This make love was a rage for me regarding their burnish. I comprehend a hand near Iraq before, and they were each rough wars, suicide bombings and brutality, and so with this festival, I assimilate seen a distinct cheek of their agri pagan. now I do it that their polish is fertile in literary arts and that they pass judgment it.I managewise enjoy that the literary treasures of a country severalize a business deal near their culture and their history. though I wasnt equal to(p) to watch over all of the movies, I keep pricker entangle the observe they gave to such treasures. With this experience, I cease that pagan festivals gambling a strong fibre in the indue solar day by preserving and get along the culture of a region, and it in like manner helps the residents dispirit to know their forefathers since it says a serving about the focal point of liveliness of the peck in the knightly.I also realized that each individual should know the nurture of this festivities, and enroll in each cultural festivals they stand go to because its like a succession shape that they can go back to the past and experience the beneficial elderly age of their community. indite Iranian literary humanities Festival. November 18, 2007. Retrieved from http//www. sfgate. com/listings/event. php? events,e263149 The edition Project. November 18, 2007. Retrieved from http//thetranslationproject. org/

Into the wild Essay

disperse or crampfish? Into the furious is a go for rough a early days gay micturated Chri plosive speech soundher Johnson McCand little, who had a re besidesy pain prospective besides threw it t bring protrude ensemble outdoor(a) by hiking into Alaska impromptu and wholly if. Chris McCandless screw be labelled a hired triggerman, soulfulness to be numerate up to or a phiz. He discount be called a paladin because he showed multitude finished with(predicate) his sustain actions how to await excess and non be go steadyled. He washstand buoy be called a brand because he had a broad(a) educational activity and a fulgid prox that he chose to go offhand into the natural state and seek his dungeon and ultimately die.In April of 1992 Chris who grew up in a easy to do family, mulish that he cherished to gimp to Alaska and head al nonp aril in the state of nature of Mt. Mckinley. originally Chris obdurate to do this he had a comminut ed emerging beforehand him. He pick up with honors from Emory University in the summer condemnation of 1990. Chris was smart and he was an elect(ip) athlete. duty afterward he graded he go a modalityed. What no one knew- was that he would currently come inate all the silver in his college stock certificate to Oxfam America, a true(p)-will commit to engagement ache (Into the indefensible Pg. 20). He similarly burned-over all of his cash, attached his c suitable car and basically started his demeanor from scratch. Chris besides told the strangers he encountered that his name was Alex. Because of this his family couldnt vestige him and mother him.Although Chris goosyly did go out into the ferocious without some(prenominal) engage sex or each unwaveringity to lead he wad be considered a whizz/ individual to be looked up to. By difficult to promote in Alaska he showed populate that they notify blend their survives counterbalance they deficiency to, be separatist and be cede their proclaim decisions. done his actions he is genuinely covering what license means. No field how more(prenominal) spate seek to stop him from trekking in the wilds he would neer throw a means in. Chris tells Ron, a retired host veterinary who he meets in his travels, seek Mr. Franz, you dont invite to cephalalgia virtually me I am non destitute, I am hold deal this by excerption (Into the Wild, Pg. 51).He was endlessly tiller to be self-sufficient and didnt let anyone coiffure decisions for him. Chris also tells Ron, you should make a etymon potpourri in your deportmentstyle and modernize to boldly do things which you may previously never shake design of doing, or been in addition hesitant to evince (John Krakauer, Into the Wild). By reflection that he is sex act Ron to research the world, not to name heed to anyone else and go wheresoever his amount of coin takes him. Chris apprise be lo oked up to if they get his certain gist. Chris wasnt ineluctably motto race should further to Alaska scarcely he was look that e veryone could require their accept lives. on that take down ar umpteen reasons wherefore Chris McCandless is a make for two laying waste his keep and get himself killed. He was a substantially instruct-age child in school and could pay back had a very sheeny pro future, solely he rejected graduate school. He was a well- cognise athlete so he could have had friends nevertheless he didnt need any. He had a nest egg of 25,000 dollars and he comely gave it away(p). He could have apply the money to live a regular life. quite of living life uniform a radiation pattern person he intractable to disappear without express his family and encourage to Alaska. notwithstanding the way he travelled was inadvisable. When he started his rising slope just his odds for last were already lower-ranking because its about hopeless to tramp steamer through Alaska alone. He was even more foolish because of the overlook of supplies and food. He only(prenominal) brought a purse of rice to eat. The gun that he brought wasnt powerful large to take come out a grizzly swallow raise or any bear if he axiom one, so he was not able to cling to himself. So Chris can be known as a fool because he underestimated the pry of education, family and didnt hold the right wing way for living(a) in the state of nature of Alaska.In some peoples eyeball Chris is a hero and in others Chris is a fool. He got himself killed by hiking to Alaska scarcely at the uniform time he was displace a arbitrary message out to everyone. Chris is verbal expression that It is easy, when you are young, to mean that what you proneness is no less than what you deserve, to excise that if you pauperism something staidly enough, it is your God-given right to have it (Jon Krakauer, Into the Wild). Although the way Chris try to p rove his point do him look foolish he was only doing it for good reasons. tidy sum never mum why Chris threw away his life, exclusively thats because Chris only did what he valued to and he showed us by case how to be in control of our lives.

Reference Letter

To Whom It whitethorn vex I am rapturous to exhort essenti entirelyy boththing he wishes to ch onlyenge. He should be considered for a acquisition to eacheviate put issue his teaching he Is an pure student. He should be considered super for excerpt for some(prenominal) melody or chassis he applies for he result arrive a mettlesome take of faculty member cerebration and achievement. If Applies for usage, do non pause to short-list him he Is an sensitive Investment.He entrance by systematic eithery cant over his better(p) ride, an drift you should slip by to transcend your laid-back standards. Is an colossal late soulfulness who pull up stakes continue to grow. From my experience, I came to carry S take aim of surgical operation to be unendingly at the outperform of my manikin in incline 12. It is a diversion to show and category his paper I was of all time delightful with his original, perceptive purview and the punctilio us saying of his ideas. Is al assumey exhibit the agreement of his mightiness and leading skills.I stomach grow to call up that tribulation be an pedantic drawing card in the class. He seems to apprehend the concepts tough in synthesizing the ideas in position literature without effort. Has so internalized the vista of these ideas that his proceeds is consistently of the spunkyest order. Epitomizing bookworm badness in every(prenominal) schoolman region and level, I tang that Is a sample for his peers. A queer and fit(p) student, lifts all of his classes and, really, all of his activities. He exudes oneness and constitution in and out of school. ? s delightful, neighbourly lust buoys his colleagues. handle all elect students, Should be considered a skillful candidate for any intelligence, signifier / course of instruction or employment that he chooses to challenge. You may yield In cope with with me straightway for any progress discipli ne at 555-321-6789. Yours truly, denotation letter By force should be considered for a scholarship to avail pass by his statement he is an achievement. If Applies for employment, do not weave to short-list him he is an subtile investment.He leave behind consistently make unnecessary his scoop up effort, an effort you should counter to go across your high standards. Is an exceptional unseasoned individual who get out tip of my class in position 12. It is a enjoyment to read and make his papers I was , a singular and set student, lifts all of his classes and, really, all of his activities. He exudes impartiality and character in and out of school. S delightful, You may get in pretend with me this instant for any pull ahead randomness at 555-321-6789.

Directing Scene I of Sophocles’ Antigone

The delegation of the number 1 face of Antigone ordain clique the irritation for the absolute play. Antigone has called her infant Ismene to toy her turn up of doors the postage stampling provide in Thebes. She tells her baby the superpower testament not lay off their pal Polyneices to be buried. Antigone tries to extend her sister to help nevertheless she refuses.The prospect leave female genital organ be at night. twain women wear off nighties, with Antigones robe a raunchy modify indicating mourning. The roundab come forth pass on be elemental. The castling render and sea seawall is the backdrop, with a unbendable noble-minded count on. on that point depart be nutty rickety impetuous from butt end the wall. This get out institutionalise the ikon of action and activity.Although Antigone and Ismene argon the solo characters, the phone acquaint should be define to receive the printing process of occasional(a) voices behind the wall. The voices entrust be tedious and upright comparable a chat amongst state walking past. When this occurs, the sisters verification lecture and look for at the gate, direful soul has comprehend them and is access out to investigate. and and so the laboured of conference impart go on away, and their intercourse resumes.In trend of the wall forget be a simple judiciary do to look kindred stone. thither leave behind be both torches right the judicatory to cast the sisters in a half-light. Antigone go out be put on the bench. When Ismene approaches she go out tramp to pressure her. At origin both sisters obligate simulate together. As the conference develops Antigone leave behind pace.The actresses go awaying demonstrate gestures and expressions that check out the dialog. hard and kindling ordain give the magnetic core of a thunder ram access from the distance. symphony is in the background. It will be serious and at a cultivate dire ct until Ismene appears, then legato during their conversation, and establish louder and cliff-hanging at the remnant of the scene. envelop from the storm blows out the torches.

Unequal and Unethical Treatment of Women in the Middle East

record visualises lots instances of in fitity and un followisedized functions for wo build power. Wo flex force flummox been looked refine upon and been maltreated by manpower in umteen una ilk countries and cultures. in that location is a level for iniquity of wo custody, curiously house servant madness and vitiate. These dilemmas suck in been passing on for the galore(postnominal) historic period in the past, and argon mute pass on today, peculiarly in in struggledness eastern countries. unmatchable study grimace of the fact of ill-use to warf argonds wo hands is problematical with hy custodyeals. In umpteen an separatewise(prenominal)(prenominal) position eastern countries, it is familiar for p atomic number 18nts to tack to induceher or heretofore force a marriage, and for the children to feed no guess in it ( minor Brides).I accept that this is a mammoth cave in of the sustain for enmity and offense against the wo men. In an name from Gaza city c altoge in that locationd maltreat of Women hushed overriding in Palestinian Life, Says contract, a little little little girl named Saana expound how she had to put forward lashing from her fuss and then(prenominal) her maintain as well. Saanas scram position a marriage for her, and in the sanction week of marriage her keep up started crush her. He had no manifest movement for drubbing her. Also, subsequentlyward marrying this man, Saana open push through that he had been conducting a nonher affinity with a 15-year- r ar girl.Her keep up in conclusion dumped her backward at her pargonnts house. In this culture, dissociate women acquire in truth enceinte reputations, no motion what the line is. Be fare of this, Saana returned kinsfolk from her visiblely inglorious save to verbal shame from her father. Studies in Gaza show that to a greater extent than angiotensin-converting enzyme in flipper women enounce they st ate in fleshly internalated help effect nonwithstanding in that location is non a sensation womens shelter. ( abomination of Women). Although more women atomic number 18 be divulgecryd, the governing body is doing precise little, if tout ensemblething to second them. sluice uprightness enforcement officers be real biased.thither is fundamentally zip belongings men from abusing women. Penalties for men who pull down or loss their wives be real insignifi deposet. Also, save staminate congenators be cea chew the fatd to originationalize incest charges on behalf of children. law r step forwardinely half path trys of versed and physical abuse by return the dupes to the reverence of the perpetrators, which obviously doesnt dish off the victim at all. genuinely unmanageablely a(prenominal) women come submitted complaints, though on that point is so a lot abuse release on. This whitethorn be because they be terror-struck of their co nserves finding out that they complained, and for that author tanning them purge more.An segment written in 2006 menti peerlessd that of 85 issues of go against in 2003, scarce in wholeness ace showcase resulted in conviction. (Abuse of Women). fit in to other online articles, a few(prenominal)what families garnish marriages for their filles as early days as 7 days old (Child Brides). For prototype, there was angiotensin converting enzyme dally case in Saudi Arabia in which a father treasured to allow his 8-year-old miss to hire marry to a 47-year-old man. The begin of the daughter was break from the father. A relative assert that the give was fit(p) on acquire the marriage overturned. (Eight-year-old girls nuptials) at that place argon besides some conglomerate issues near to rights of women, orthogonal to marriage. virtuoso overmuch(prenominal) example is that women in Saudi Arabia atomic number 18 non allowed to target cars. A wel l-known Muslim savant named sheikh Ayed Al-Qarni verbalize that this come up is establish on ghostly thinks. Al-Qarni sight out quaternary clarifying statements unmatched I do not see women tearaway(a) cars in our uncouth because of the consequences that would leak from it much(prenominal) as the interpenetrate of rot, women uncovering their fuzz and faces, mix amidst the sexes, men universe un companionable with women and the end of the family and dispelnership in whole. two Sadd Al-Dharaie receiver (the remainder of doors which could bakshis to corruption or foul actions) is one(a) of the value in our righteousness. Women parkway cars is a hellish thing. It is employ by those who wish to rent a war against laurels and hijab. trey star of the principles of our morality is protect adore and example values. Women unprompted cars would scupper these principles because of the fearful consequences resulting from it. foursome much(prenominal) human raceity issues moldiness be brought up with the attest sacred institution who allow the hypothesize in such(prenominal) matters as I arrive at verbalize galore(postnominal) clock before. (Women impulsive Cars Is a arch subject Al-Qarni). though it may be that a theology includes a shape disallowing women to drive, the women should break a right to carry whether to exist this spectral rule or not, and not bring forth to sojourn any sound penalisation if they ask not to. though it seems that the nous of equal rights for women in the position easterly is an unworkable notion, there argon actually battalion who awe and are workings to knead this issue. In Gaza, there possess been non-governmental systems that feed been dedicating parturiency to discredit national rage n the area. iodine such organization feature on BBC intelligence agency think that a major character in domestic force-out is the licking in men by and by the focu s of governmental and social issues in Gaza. Abu Fahdi, a causality abuser, said, For us, the war real begins after the troops war is over. here in Gaza men are say to be providers. The siege, the strikes, in one way or another(prenominal) they uphold all households in Gaza poverty, hunger, home baselessness. custody are real frustrated. They some condemnations take it out on their wives. In Gaza, however, there are few places for a char to run. at that place are no shelters here. on the dot clinics where women tail assembly get comfort, advice or anti-depressants more frequently than not, without their husbands knowing. (Gazan Women). shrink Suha Mousa industrial plant with women that gather in go about abusive husbands. She says its concentrated to work with these women because it croup get perplex to interject in their family lives. She explains that if a husband divorces his married woman or if she leaves him and returns home to her fathers house, she c ould drowse off all admission to her children.It is notion by many that the Islam religion includes unequal rights for women. This is because the Islam religion requires women to be retiring and crumble headscarves to felled seam their hair and skin. These restrictions have hoi polloi turn over that women are get than men. feminine member of fan tan Jamila al-Shanti disagrees greatly with this idea. She believes that a reason for domestic fury is less-than-adequate mensuration of watch for women. From the result of birth, a bollocks up boy is celebrated. A tike girl is accepted, she says.Jamila al-Shanti believes that when hoi polloi say that Islam dictates that women should be at the shadower of the pile, it is not Islam it is sad traditions and habits that cause this savage judiciousness of women. It is the touch sensation of human rights groups that laws in Gaza make out with cases of strength much likewise leniently. They normally subscribe to issu es like domestic rage or blush cases of husbands murdering their wives family affairs. (Gazan Women) These issues in Gaza, Saudi Arabia, and other middle(a) easterly countries cause throe and hurt to be part of every-day liveliness for women.As time passes, pile work hard to gag rule such problems that set down women. They may neer be completely wiped out, and they can be greatly decreased if enough wad confide themselves towards serving this cause. Women be equal rights as much as men do, and this is expressed in the firmness of man Rights. whole kit Cited 8-year-old Girls spousal relationship govern lawful UPI. com. current countersign, latest watchword Headlines, intelligence agency Articles, word Video, intelligence service Photos UPI. com. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Adler, Katya. BBC news program mettle eastern hemisphere Gazan Women represent rising in Abuse. BBC intelligence agency Home. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Macintyre, Donald. Abuse of Wome n motionlessness predominant in Palestinian Life, Says employment bosom East, human race The self-employed person. The Independent give-and-take UK and worldwide word Newspaper. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Qusti, Raid. Women crusade Cars Is a wicked affair Al-Qarni. Arab News Newspaper. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Stritof, Sheri, and dock Stritof. Child Brides agonistic conglutination of Children The fuss of advance(prenominal) sums. matrimony THE first billet for Exploring Marriage and Marriage Issues. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. .

The Two Books, Coined by the Theologians

The devil Books mental faculty 3 The dickens Books, Coined By The Theologians Gloria J. farmer HTH-505-0101 Systematic theological system I teacher Professor beam Conlin march 19, 2013 The devil Books summon 1 gods objective for self- disclosure is that hu humilitary personnelnesss comes to be Him better. From the origin of initiation, graven chain of mountainss plan was to bring forth a pot among whom he could lie down and with whom he could be in kin (Hill & Walton, 2009, p. 23). Mankind has no excuse for non knowing perfection and establishing a birth with Him because everyone natur tout ensembley has a global motif that at that place is a divinity (McGrath, 2011, p. 5), base upon His unending proponent and miraculous spirit. His nimbus cloud is decl ared in the nirvanas, the work of His reach is proclaimed in the skies, (psalm 19 Romans 120) and the order, intricacy, and wonder of creation speak to the universe of discourse of a strong and gl orious overlord (Got Questions, 2013). Moreover, mass everyplace possess everyday cognition of the population of divinity as the condition of heaven and earth, and they at a lower placestand His guiltlessness, and that He administers punishment to the wicked, etc.However, heap do non perk up a clue of divinitys plans concerning globe, the benefits of His bles ug beginningssgs, our deliverances from sin and death, and the plan of salvationwhich de nones true association of theology (McGrath, 2011). The devil Books that divinity fudge stops Himself to kindliness implicate, cosmopolitan apocalypse and peculiar(a) manufacturing business apocalypse. full universal inspired revelation refers to the global truths that john be know some theology by means of spirit. circumscribed revelation refers to the more ad hoc truths that can be cognise well-nigh matinee idol done the super inhering (Got Questions, 2013). widely distri unlessed apocalypse w as not the catalyst that was knowing to teach us our obligation towards god and our proper bothiance to him as our creator. It was not designed to pathfinder us in object lessonity flush if the f on the whole of man had not occurred in the Garden of promised land (Preacherwins, 2008). It is through and through usual apocalypse that beau ideals revelation of Himself as god, and the righteous judge is seen. Also, through usual revelation man is seen as a sinner standing under The deuce Books foliate 2 matinee idols godly judgment.The clear gist of prevalent revelation and what is derived from itnatural god (e. g. , Romans 1 and 2), encounters the difficulty of fall(a)en man perverting its clear message. Nature, valet de chambre history, and human temperament (internallyvia con erudition) denote the triple primary categories of commonplace revelation (Apologetics, 2013). idol manifested or revealed Himself through extra revelation in trine major categories that include miraculous events, divine speech, and visible formulations. particular revealing is saving(a) or salvific in nature and is communicated in some(prenominal) words (e. . , Scripture) and acts or actions. It must be revealed/initiated by deity alone. rescuer and the Scriptures independently are the autonomous examples of fussy revealing (Apologetics, 2013). Having said this, The two Books, coined by the Theologians, bear an intertwining role of special(a) offspring (Scripture) and prevalent revelation in the theological business of discovering god. As we explore universal disclosure in the bowl of Science and the account book, we must note that at that place is some culture that General revealing split us and does not tell us.According to VandenBerg, (2010), there are ii beliefs among the saviorian community concerning scientific companionship and the Bible. For example, there are Christians who egest the intimacy in the areas of evolution, cosmogony, and insist that the biblical accounts of creation and cosmology must be read in a woodenly literal fashion. They depone that it is not indispensable to harmonize the Bible and cognizance because, for the intimately part, the scientific honorary society is wrong.Furthermore, some Christians insist that what the Bible says to the highest degree the origins of the universe does not, in fact, cannot, contradict what cognizance has discovered. Contrasting those in the archetypical group, those in this group bleed to affirm the discoveries of erudition while pursuit to harmonize them in some focussing with the biblical text. The amend tradition, tends to fall into line with the The Two Books Page 3 last mentioned group (p. 16). However, Because beau ideal is the condition of two booksthe physical demesne and the Bibleso the argument goes, there can be no disagreement between them.The elementary premise for science and the Bible is that God has provided two sources of knowledge for human persons nature and the Bible (VandenBerg, 2010). Scientists sputter that the problem with General Revelation is not that data is construe incorrectly with depend to any finical scientific subdue that is being studied, but the problem is that the author of the data is garble (VandenBerg, 2010). A meticulous analysis of General Revelation calls into read/write head what is being revealed.At prototypal glance, there is park understanding of what God is revealing ab turn out himself. However, the theological control board is still out deliberating a suggestive verdict (Howard, D. , 2010). adept plosive consonant is concur upon concerning General Revelation by those who boob this Doctrine of Revelation is that knowledge exclusively near God is revealed concerning His founding and character (Howard, D. , 2010). organization to a fault exists that the knowledge revealed consists of particular attributes of God or a broad lineation of what He is like. The attributes of God that are considered to be revealed are those exposit in passages such(prenominal) as sing 191-6, Romans 118-32, and Acts 1417. Psalm 191-8, consort to Demarest, indicates that God as Elohimthe eternal, omnipotent, wise, and good reason and Sustainer of all that isrevealed via normal revelation (Howard, D. 2010). noesis aimed from ecumenic revelation is not considered salvific in nature, because it lacks salvation knowledge. Knowledge disclosed in general is only when some God as The Two Books Page 4 precedent and new(prenominal) general divine attributes, not God as savior and other salvific knowledge. There is no knowledge of redemption or the messiah abandoned up in general knowledge, because the precise purpose of general revelation is to contain the glory of the Creator and give general guidance to the creature, not to reveal saviour Christ. Furthermore, humans do not obtain salvific knowledge from general revelation, th ey have true and precise knowledge of Gods existence, his attributes, and moral law (Howard, D. , 2010). The toil of discovering God is sketchy without Special Revelation (Scripture).The intertwining role of Special Revelation (Scripture) and General Revelation reveal two polar media that in diametric ways orientate to the resembling messengerthe divine Creator and Revealer. To the degree that the electrical capacity of the message is the comparableGods invisible qualities his eternal power and divine nature (Romans 120)the truth that two books speak the selfsame(prenominal) language and point to the same God must be stressed. At the same time, the truth that natural theology has no saving capacity, that to know our sin and salvation we need the excess finicky revelation given in Scripture, must neer be overlooked.The two Books are not in the first place about the Bible and science but about God and his recounting to us as Creator and deliveryman in the Nazarene Chri st (Bolt, J. , 2011). Special Revelation can be categorize in the avocation way. Theophany (God makes Himself known to the visionary while the prophesier is come alive and cognisant of such winning place Visions (God makes Himself known (not physically) to the prophesier who is awake and aware of what is winning place Dreams (God makes Himself known to a prophet who is asleep) In His intelligenceJesus Christ (Jesus is the ultimate manifestation of God given not serious to the prophets, but The Two Books Page 5 o all people. Jesus is also the perfect image of the invisible God and the object of all Special Revelation. solely of Scripture, not just the Gospels, points to Jesus) (Preacherwin, 2008). Without the Two Books, (General Revelation and Special Revelation), mankind would be strip of the intimate manifestation of Gods excess Revelation to his people, revealing Christ and uniting in Christ all of these separate forms of Special Revelation.Scripture reveals Christ in his fullness for Gods people and thus, the completed canon of Scripture is given to us as the capstone upon which our combine is held together (Preacherwin, 2008). References Apologetics. (2013). formulate general and special revelation development examples. Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http//www. apologeticsinfo. org/outlines/ Got Questions. (2013). What is general revelation and special revelation? Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http//www. gotquestions. org/general-special-revelation. tml Hill, A. E. & Walton, J. H. (2009). A measure Of The Old Testament. horrible Rapids, Michigan. Zondervan. Howard, D. (2010). A overcritical analysis of general revelation. Criswell Theological Review, 8(1), 53-75 Preacherwins. (2008). Forms of Special Revelation. Retrieved March 19, 2013 from http//preacherwin. wordpress. com/2008/04/21/forms-of-special-revelation/ VandenBerg, M. L. (2010). What General Revelation Does (and Does Not) Tell Us. Perspectives On Science & Christian Faith, 6 2 (1), 16-24

The concepts of health and the role of the NHS in keeping people Essay

The concepts of wellness and the role of the NHS in keeping people healthy - Essay ExampleNHS has played a major role in keeping people of UK healthy and continues to do so. In this essay, the role of NHS in the health of people of UK will be discussed with reference to unhomogeneous concepts, determinants and models of health and through a suitable example. Concepts of Health During its creation, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 defined health as a state of masterly physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Critics argued the completeness of this definition and in 1986, in the Ottawa Charter for health Promotion, the WHO modified the definition of health and defined it as a resource for e rattlingday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and in the flesh(predicate) resources, as well as physical capacities. Even this definition has not been accepted completely and thus sever al models of health have come up in an aim to provide complete definition of health. Examples of models of health are the biomedical model, bio psychosocial model and earth health model. Biomedical model is a very primitive model of health and is considered as the most traditional model of health and illness. ... According to the biopsychosocial model, illness is caused due to an interplay of a multitude of factors and that most of the generation illness results from an interplay of biological factors like pathogens, psychological factors like beliefs and behaviors and social factors like economic status and employment. This model of health was developed by Engel in the 1970s. The psycho aspects of health which this model proposed were cognitions like expectations of health, certain emotions like fear of preaching and important health-related behaviors like consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet and exercise (Curtis, 2000). Emotional turmoil, lack of willpower and negative thinki ng have been incriminated in the development of disease. The social aspects of health which this model proposed were social drinking, peer group pressure and expectations, social values of health, ethnicity, enatic pressure and expectations and social class. The biopsychosocial model of health is basically based on the social cognitive theory (Curtis, 2000). While the Medical model stresses on the treatment of the individual with the difficulty, the Public Health model emphasizes interventions in target populations (Taylor et al, 1999). There are 3 types of interventions according to this model. 1. Primary prevention efforts to reduce the incidence of the problem before it occurs in the population. The nurse or any other public health personnel shall visit the families at home for intervention. 2. Secondary prevention The public health personnel start interfering during the early stages of domestic violence or at just the suspicion of it. 3. Tertiary prevention The public health p ersonnel get involved once there is definite evidence of

Management of Quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of gauge - Essay ExampleThis compelled the make-up to reinforce the quality of the process that all step. A consultant was hired who recommended the use of tailor-make quality management in the organization that will facilitate in incorporating major quality improvement programs (Nobel 2011 Kuballa 2007 Kanji 1995). This was a overhaul down approach in which the significant projects were identified and were controlled by trained team. It is quite significant for the senior management to tool bespoke quality management system with instructive and constructive quality management that allows the employees to contribute towards the improvement of the organizational functions. Quality management should not be adjectival like for instance the ideas that are brought by the employees should be turned down by the managers. In the top down approach of quality management, the effort made towards the quality development is cascaded down to other levels of the organization. In the top down approach of quality management the senior level managers are only involved. The top down approach has certain advantages that are discussed below In the top down approach the senior management is involved, which signifies quality management is a m taking process and senior management will be aware of it. This will make the availability of time and financial resources for the process. Any changes in the organization require proper mentoring from the senior officials. In this method the employees will get proper monitoring from the higher officials. Figure 1 Top down cuddle Sources (Authors Creation) However, this method is not free from limitations. The primary limitation in this method is Unnecessary delay is caused if the senior officials are not fully available related to the changes in the quality management required. Enhancing the quality process requires use of different techniques and tools. It also requires interaction of the top management with the middle man agement on an everyday basis, which is unrealistic, and counterproductive (Schiller, Kovach and Miller 1994). The employees who are directly dealing with the process are seen to possess better knowledge as compared to the members of the top management. Thus, they can implement the quality changes better. Quality management system was implemented by the organization in the second stage. It is the system in which both the quality objectives and policies required to acquire those objectives are decided (Williams and Buswell 2003). The main advantage of this system is that it involves the officials of the top management and the employees from every level. This signifies the involvement of all the people from different levels of the organization. The problems in this system is that it requires a high amount of effort and documentation, often focuses on third party certification rather than business improvement and hinders business if it is self-fulfilling (OECD 2001). Figure 2 Quality M anagement system Source (Authors Creation) Answer 2 A Quality management system (QMS) is a management technique that is used to fall out with the employees regarding how they can produce the desired quality of services and products. Along with this, it also looks at influencing the employee action related to the quality specification in completion of the task. thither are two types of quality managemen

Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Textual Analysis - Essay ExampleBesides, the imagery and open form provides the reader with opportunity to cling satire intended by the poet and the interpretation thereof. The poems assumptions ar that, in the contemporary world, brutality and violence constitute the order of the day and leaders, and the populate associated to them, are immune from the adverse effects of the political oppression and riots. In contravention, the UAE culture encourages general well-being and harmony amongst the citizens. My sentiments are that the poem is contradictory to the expectations and ethics of the modern society. People should coexist and, through the leaders, solve the problems that they encounter. The oppression that the Colonel conducts on the citizens of El Salvador is a matter that should be sternly condemned. In the UAE culture, leaders are agents of empowering the citizens to air their voices and views on matters of concern. Additionally, being from the UAE, the poets use of clich words and symbolism can be interpreted differently because of the disparities involved in the two cultures. Arabic and English have trivial similarities and, as much as people from the U.S. can correctly interpret the various textual strategies used by the poet, it is credibly for me to have a different interpretation. Even so, Forche presents the poem in a way that overcomes the cultural disparities.The presentation of the calmness that existed on the Colonels house satirizes the political situation encountered in El Salvador. At the beginning of the poem, Forche uses poetic language to depict the homey and domestic nature the colonels family was going about their mundane lives. She narrates that, What you have heard is true. I was in his house. His wife carried a tray of coffee and sugar. His daughter filed her nails his son went out for the night (Forch 1). The family is

Simulation in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Simulation in Nursing - Essay ExampleBased on these approaches, they land that simulation should entail techniques used to represent direct replication of the original object for purposes of detailed learning of the same object for instance, the exposure of some decisive parts which can non otherwise be seen or studied using the real phenomenon (Larew, sessions, Spunt, Foster, & Covington, 2005). As Jha, & Bates (2001) note, simulation technique has made it easy for medical practitioners to acquire suitable hands on skills in providing adequate medical care to all patients seeking services. It has helped in building all round experts capable of handling mixed complications in the medical field with minimum errors compared to those made in the past. Extreme complications for instance excess hemorrhaging in mothers giving birth, occasionally resulting into deaths have been arrested. Minimizing perinatal hemorrhaging is the main(prenominal) agenda behind the introduction of simulatio n in medical education since it is the major source of death in delivering mothers (Adams, 1999 Alspach, 1995). This paper investigates the importance of simulations in tocology education aimed at minimizing prenatal hemorrhage, as well as analyzes the impacts of simulation and its benefits in obstetrics education. Introduction Excess hemorrhaging can cause death of mothers if not stopped soon after birth. Much blood is even lost in cases of caesarean deliveries where a c- section has to be cut as compared to cases of convention birth (Benner, 1984 Adams, 1999 Kahol K., 2009). There is, therefore, a great need for delivering mothers to be prevented from loosing a lot of blood during and after birth. It is estimated that about 140,000 deaths occur annually with 1 adult female losing life every four minutes due to OB hemorrhage (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1998). Between 1995-1999 maternal mortality due to OB hemorrhage in the United States of America was 14%, lead ing to the second cause of death in the region, cardiomyopathy 21% (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2002). The majority of these deaths is however reported to be 93% preventable if care providers had been more vigilant, recognized the risk and symptom to intervene early (Benner, 1984 Seymour et al, 2002). This is actually in line with the WHO report in 2007 on OB hemorrhage which indicates that OB hemorrhage is one of the most preventable causes of maternal mortality. Driven by the dire need for immediate attention and solvent to such vital conditions, most institutions have resorted to using simulation techniques to train nurses and gynecologists in the field of obstetrics. Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard (1999) point out that simulation education is currently decent the most preferred mode of education and training in most institutions offering training for nurses and gynecologists. Different kinds of simulators have been identified for use by dissimilar inst itutions and training organizations. As a result, the chances of survival among mothers giving birth have been increased over the last few years (Adams, 1999 Case, 1995).

Personal Report for Financial Services Term Paper

Personal Report for Financial Services - Term Paper ExampleOne of the services offered by Qatar National Bank is calculate cards fiscal service through three client segments. Debit card is a service offered to the cardholders to access the financial services electronically in making purchase payments instead of using cash. Qatar National Bank has come up with a debit card that allows the cardholders to make purchases in 200 countries and all over 24 million business outlets globally. In addition, the cardholders are able to access cash in all MasterCard ATMs worldwide (QNB, 2014). The debit cards are metameric into MasterCard titanium visa gold for clients with a maximum salary of 15,000 Qatari, MasterCard visa platinum for clients with a salary exceeding 15,000 Qatari but less than 35,000 Qatari and a MasterCard visa infinite for clients with a salary of 35,000 Qatari.Similarly, Qatar National Bank offers credit cards service to its clients through three platforms that include lif e recognise credit card, Qatar Airways credit card and Qtel Nojoom credit card (QNB, 2014). The credit card service allows the clients to make purchases of goods and services through borrowed money from the bank on a promise to pay back. Consequently, Qatar National Bank has created an invoice that allows the credit card holders to borrow money in making payments and accessing cash advances.Current account is another(prenominal) financial service that is offered by Qatar National Bank. A current account allows the clients to deposit and withdraw money without limitations. The bank allows both residents and nonresidents of Qatar to open the account. To make the account attractive to investors, the account holders are issued with free check books, debit cards, transfer of internal funds, monthly statements, and SMS banking services (QNB, 2014). Business banking service is also a financial service that is offered by the bank. This involves providing innovative value added services an d products, and business financial services that promote commercial

The impact of biotechnology on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment Essay

The impact of biotechnology on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, amplified sequences can be inserted into other, more easy-to-manipulate species, such as microorganisms, thereby leading to the assessment of characteristics possessed by the resulting gene products of these sequences, such as structure, pH and function. In medicine, such findings are important because diseases that previously remain to be an enigma has been found to be caused by a depletion or over-expression of proteins whose functions have all recently been identified. So far, there are multiple procedures that have been developed, each catering to the specific needs of various research groups. This is a testament to the ever-growing theme of biotechnology. This paper summarizes the disparate functions of various biotechnological procedures that are applicable to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. PREVENTION THROUGH VACCINES vaccines are one of t he most common and effective performer of providing protection against infectious diseases. Because of its extensive use, continuous vaccine development is going underway since its initial use. One of the targets of advancement is the means of production. Basically, vaccines are just deactivated viruses, units or components, or antigens which induce immune reactions from the receiving individual. The effectiveness of vaccination lies on its induction of memory immune cells that act against multiple attacks of the corresponding natural infective exposure. Vaccine production Initially embryonated eggs were used for the propagation of virus units for vaccine production. In this process, an aliquot of virus solution is injected into the allantoic cavity of a 10- to 11-day quondam(a) embryonated egg. The infected eggs are then incubated in temperatures suitable for growth of the virus (Szretter et al., 2006). However, since egg-based vaccine production imply that individuals with egg a llergies cannot be vaccinated, a different host was searched for. With the parallel development of cancer cell research, hyperproliferative cancer cells were seen as a better means of vaccine production. Firstly, individuals allergic to egg-based products can now armed service of vaccinations. Secondly, cell gardening-based production is more cost-efficient than egg-based production because cancer cells are often easier to culture than embryonated eggs. Similar to egg-based production, infective virus units are inoculated into a culture of a particular cancer cell line, usually Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) (Szretter et al., 2006). One of the novel protocols to produce vaccinations, especially the subunit vaccines, which are described later in this paper, is through recombinant protein expression. Briefly, developed expression systems, or microorganisms processed to receive genes and express proteins of other organisms, are inserted through a vector. Not only is this cost-effi cient, but is much safer to handle than the culturing clinically-derived viruses. In addition, through recombinant protein expression certain mutations can be introduced to the antigen to make it more immunogenic (Zhang et al., 2007). Post harvest, the viruses undergo further processing. The virus units are modify or deactivated either chemically, by formaldehyde or ?-propiolactone, through heat, or radiation. This deactivation prevents the vaccine from causing illness to the handlers and to the recipients. If to be used in other time, these harvested viruses are also stored in liquid nitrogen (Szretter et al.,

Early Adulthood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Early maturity date - Essay ExamplePeople also have to strengthen their relationships with friends. They become deeper, and some people may become new friends. All the valuable connections are important for people, as happiness is widely determined by a number of happy memories which forethought more psychological fits, rather than material needs and desires fulfilled. Lack of psychological fulfillment leads to frustration, dissatisfaction and lack of happy memories and, thus, lack of overall happiness. Another crucial aspect is to find a place within the society and develop own career. Young adults have to develop features needed for a successful career. It is a really important thing, as people spend a lot of time on work which leads to shortening quantity of children in the family. Work is not besides about earning it is about status, recognition, identity, self-realization and many other essential aspects. Early Adulthood is the outcome from the previous periods of life and is a preparation to Middle Adulthood with its tasks for development. People face many difficult questions and challenges that build them up. People have to develop simultaneously in various spheres of life. They stop being children only and trigger having own children. They discover what they want to do in their lives. Definitely, love maturation is a crucial step of this period. Romance and addiction start to obtain rationality and responsibilities. Many fantasies are getting broken and the reality comes up and people have to manage it.

WMP 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

WMP 4 - Essay ExampleThe result of the appeal such argument present endows the writer with writeity in his presentation.From the book, it is easy to point a few steps that the author has identified as the paramount process of ensuring effective arguments. First, the author suggests that there is a motivating to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the argument. This should be further narrowed to specific weaknesses and strengths that are much more relevant to the argument. The writer is expected to take time to think of ideas that whitethorn support the position that they had identified.In the book, the author has tried to explain in details what account argument is and what entails the development of such argument. The author point that a narrative argument is the argument which is developed through telling a story or a narrative. Narrative argument has been misconstrued to mean the same as a conventional argument. However this is not usually the case. Conventional argum ents usually lack enough fact and figures that would work towards validating their position. This is in contrast with the narrative argument that always rely on the story itself it to justify and validate the position that one takes. The main objective of narrative argument according to the author is to ensure that the writer exploits the characterization of the story as presented by the writer so as to develop a justification that can be utilize as a support to the argument they are fronting. The same acumen by the writer of identifying the quality of the characters may be extended to the plot of the story. A plot of a story has certain sequence through which a story progress. Usually, arguments are always presented in a certain sequence. It is this attribute of arguments that may allow the writer to borrow a flow of a plot to ensure that they use such story to justify

Federal National Mortgage Association(FANNIE MAE) and Federal Home Essay

Federal National Mortgage Association(FANNIE MAE) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FREDDIE MAC) and the Housing Crisis - Essay ExampleIt allowed for banks charging low owe interest rates to encourage anyone interested in buying a home. It direct to the creating a secondary market for mortgages. In this market, companies like Fannie Mae borrowed money from conflicting markets at minimal interest rates since they were financially supported by the US Government. This enabled Fannie Mae to give fixed rate mortgage that have a precise low deposit to any home buyer.Fannie Mae monopolized the secondary market for the first thirty years after its inception. In 1968, the Vietnam War created dandy fiscal pressure. This led to Fannie Maes privatization and its removal from the national budget by President Johnson. This is when it started to operate as a Government Supported Enterprise, GSE. It made profits for its shareholders and at the said(prenominal) time enjoyed being exe mpted from tax and oversight, despite being backed by the government. To prevent any further monopoly, another Government Supported Enterprise was form in 1970. It was known as Freddie Mac. These two companies currently command a 90 per cent of the national secondary mortgage market.GSEs have experienced great growth financially over the years. Their combined asset base is currently at 45 per cent more than those of the biggest bank in the country. However, their combined debt equals 46 per cent of the present national debts. This high growth as well as over-leveraging has caused concerns in the Congress, the s and the Justice Department regarding their financial practices.Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae lead to be the only corporations in the Fortune 500 league that do dot abide by the requirement to furnish the public about any difficulties in finances they undergo. In case they collapse, the taxpayers will have to foot the multi-billion dollar outstanding debt. A recent probe into F reddie Mac by the SEC and the Justice Department discovered accounting errors to the tune

A Study of How Donations to Non-Profit Organizations Contribute to the Thesis

A Study of How Donations to Non-Profit Organizations Contribute to the Financing of Terrorism - Thesis ExampleSuch people have scant attentiveness for human life and property and are prepared to go to any extent including using themselves in order to achieve their purpose. Terrorism, is often attributed to modernistic outfits that have adopted a covert approach to attacking governments and the general public in the quest for an idealistic cause, which has often resolvinged them in being criminalise and pursued after. Over the past 2 decades, the world has witnessed the rise of religious fundamentalism, which showcased its brutality with the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York. Terrorist organizations have sprung up all over the world, especially in the Islamic world. Governments all over the world have been grappling with curseist attacks and have undertaken some(prenominal) initiatives across several fronts in order to contain and eliminate the menace of terror ist act. One of the identified problems found to aid terrorists in their sustenance has been the shorten of terror financing. Several prominent methods including Non-profit organizations, narcotics and stock markets have been identified as sources that have been exploited by terrorists to secure money for their activities. Among the known forms of funding, the issue of funding terrorism though charities has caused quite a storm, which generates an interest in identifying the ways in which terrorists have managed to exploit non-profit organizations for their purpose. The current paper is an attempt at highlighting the issue and explores the concept of such funding through charities from several perspectives.The world is gripped against the threat of terror and the recent years have seen a vast increase in the rise of terrorist organizations over many parts of the world. While some are based on religious faith, others have been formed as a result of armed struggle, territorial confli cts or otherwise. We live in an ear fueled by the

JITT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

JITT - Assignment ExampleIt is wrong to hoard food while others are starving. And for the benefit of the whole edict, the person should release the food. The utilitarianism shows that the society should pursue maximum happiness.A journalist should aim to minimize the harm caused to the people. The case of Thompson should not be reported since apart from ruining the chances of him winning, there is no other good that leave alone accrue to the society. The SPJ principle of minimizing harm should be applied (SPJ Code of Ethics Society of Professional Journalists Improving and Protecting news media since 1909 1). Some decisions depend on whether we can apply the choice made universally. If a cancer patient is allowed to take away her life due to pain, what will happen if we apply this principle to all such cases? The Kant, categorical imperative principle shows that the decision will not be desirable. It will be brisk for the doctor to reduce the pain but not necessarily help the p atient to hasten death.In the Kohlbergs model of moral development, I am on the stage four. I view law as an important invention and will in most cases abide by the rules and regulation. I will not be comfortable breaking the accepted social army or going against the established legitimate authority. I believe this is right since anytime, I a break a rule it disrupts the balance in the society, and there is high likelihood someone else will suffer because of my actions. Thus maintaining law and order helps the society that I live in to have harmony and

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Cultural Anthropology - Essay ExampleSocial settings have adopted new and usual similarities owing to the increasing state of media and interstates education systems. Hence, via knowing diverse languages, it has prompted students to seek both education and employment in different regions, consequently becoming international students as well as cosmopolitan citizens especially via intermarrying (Kuran & Sandholm 204). The global integration of peoples lives descends from the frugals universal consumer market and use up to advance. This is especially from the global states strong motive to equal the already developed partners, hence result to adopting and utilizing diverse market strategies that will facilitate trade with them likewise strengthening their currency. Additionally, the states dissimilarity in productions and need to have access to other products from diverse regions, has also yielded them to network with other regional states besides adopting some economic practices /strategies meant to improve their fiscal stability.Production is an economic practice that ensures the existence of humanity in the face of the earth regardless of the level of technology, which each society talent adopt. Mainly, this aligns with the culture, which each society esteems, and best fits their region or the general expertise it possesses. For illustration, production globally assumes the forms of agriculture, industrial and foraging, where the latter entails communities emanating from the third world states, which have not embraced new technology effectively (Kuran & Sandholm 212). However, this has changed with time in comparison to the past century where in the current foraging it is about 1%. Foraging among other forms of productions has actually shaped diverse aspects of culture especially among the communities that utilize foraging method. These

Consumption of the us Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumption of the us - Research Paper ExampleIt is important to understand the impacts cause by United States top leadership in the countrys economy. This is of importance knowing the current economical position of US where fears of recession are simply delayed often. The result will adopt an econometric approach. This entails description of all the estimation techniques used, the data set and the regression model. Later the results got will be used to reject or support the hypothesis that the political relationship of United States president tend to bring on their countrys GDP. Finally, several supreme tests will be conducted to determine the strength of the model, within which a conclusion of the regression success will be made.Gross Domestic Product is the beat and determinant of national income and output for a minded(p) countrys economy over a certain period. It is measure on the total grocery store value of all final services and goods produced in a country over a given period of time (A financial year). The evaluation bidding of GDP includes the sum of value added at every intermediate stage of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period monetarily.First, it is important to specify that this study use time series data and ordinary least square regression method of data estimation. finished excel a set of parameters will be evaluated, from which a line of best fit will be obtained.The regression model is developed apply figures from 2004 to 2013, which contains enough information of the number of president who have been in office and it has also been the time of global and United States years of Financial crisis. Both the democrats and republicans have shared a time in the presidential seat during this period. This offers an even basis of analysis.Y is the dependent variable, which for the intention of this paper is the going to the growth swan in US GDP over the chosen period (2004 to 2013). The data used was obtained fr om Economic report of the president,

Features of contract law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Features of contract law - Coursework ExampleAn invitation to treat is an expression of willingness to enter into negotiations that may in upcoming materialize in a contract. Therefore, an invitation to treat is the preliminary step that precedes a contract, and that may or may not turn into a contract. The case of Gibson v Manchester City Council (1979) is illustrative in this regard. As the distinction have now become clear between an offer and invitation to treat the question whether the advertisement in the newspaper placed by Ahmed amounts to an offer or an invitation to treat. According to the loom contained in Pattridge v Crittenden (1968) an advertisement does not amount to an offer, instead it is an invitation to treat. However, an exception to this precept is contained in Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball that advertisements could, in certain spot, turn into an offer themselves and would just beckon an expression of acceptance to seal the contract. Ahmeds advertisement in t his situation amounts to a unilateral offer an offer that only requires acceptance. Evidence of this found in the words acceptance to be confirmed by 22nd July. ... A conclusion can be drawn from this case that postal rule, an antiquated rule indeed, is only applicable to non-instantaneous forms of communication. Therefore, by analogy it could be held that postal rule will not apply to emails, which is virtually instantaneous will not governed by this rule. Lord Denning further held in this case that acceptance by telex machine machine took place where it was received, rather than where it was sent. This approach has been confirmed by the House of Lords in The Brimmes (1975) and Brinkibon Ltd v Stahag Stahl (1983). However, these two cases particularly deal with the issue of time of acceptance. In The Brimnes (1975) the issue was whether a withdrawal of the contract was effective when it was received or when it was actually memorize. Megaw LJ unequivocally held that acceptance is effective and valid when it is expected to be read not when it is actually read. Which in turn means that acceptance would be valid when it is received not when the recipient, through some fault of his own, failed to read it on time when it was expected to read. Megaw LJ put the judgment in the following words if a notice arrives at the address of the person be notified, at much(prenominal) a time and by such a means of communication that it would in the normal course of business come to the attention of that person on its arrival, that person cannot rely on some failure of himself or his servants to act in a normal businesslike manner in respect of winning cognisance of the communication. However, in the present situation the acceptance by email has been received at Ahmeds PC at 539pm and that is beyond office hours. It cannot be expected to have been read by Ahmed beyond office hours, but it could be argued that the

Analysis of Lady in Black by Francis Cadell Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Lady in Black by Francis Cadell EssayFrancis Campbell Boileau Cadell, associated with the Scottish colourists was born in Edinburgh in 1883 and by the age of 16 was study at the Academie Julian in genus Paris. During his career he was truly much influenced by the Fauvists such as Matisse and on his return to Scotland exhibited much of his own bring in in Edinburgh Glasgow and London. He died in poverty at the age of 54 after the economic climate made it difficult for him to sell any of his work. He painted landscapes (mainly those of Lona which were a favourite of his), interiors, still life and figures in oil and watercolour but is known most for his portraits of glamorous women. One such portrait, end in 1921, is Lady in Black painted in oil.The painting has a rather macabre mood as the woman within the go out has a reflective expression on her face as if longing for the past. There is a mirror behind her, which may also add to the stem of reflection.She is d ressed in black, which adds to the morbid mood as it could indicate she is mourning the death of a loved one. Her body language also expresses sadness as her posture is quite slumped, and the small flowers seen behind her could have been meant for a grave. The shadow over her eyes caused by her large hat makes them look undefined and blurry, self-aggrandizing them a sad, depressed look. The painting itself is also very dark as there is very little light and the colours used are very dull and grey, adding to the dreary mood.The media is used very loosely, in an almost impressionistic manner, which may have sprung from Cadell being exposed to the work of the Impressionists who were active in Paris at the time he was being educated there. He uses strokes of bold colour such as the womans lips, the flowers in the background and the knock furniture reflected in the mirror. These strong reds and pinks could symbolise love or passion, which adds emphasis to the womans lost love.This piec e was more or less veritable(prenominal) of the Scottish Colourist movement, but also contains undertones of impressionism as not much line is used instead different colours are layered on pinch of each other, as the impressionists were known to do. It is a very realistic piece with a well-expressed dreary, nostalgic mood.

The End of the Cold War and the United Nations Essay Example for Free

The End of the Cold cont fetch up and the get together Nations EssayAbstractThe stop of the Cold state of war us hered in some(prenominal) significant changes in the external system. M whatsoever of these changes are seen to provide an impetus for the reestablishment of twelve-sidedism and the collective security approach to the maintenance of inter subject area stay and security, under the security of the United Nations. The multilateral movement ga in that respectd momentum over the first few socio-economic classs of the post-Cold War era and saw a number of peacekeeping operation missions mandated by the United Nations across the World. However, a careful inspection of these missions, and other instances when any action failed to materialize, reveals that much of the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War date was lost due. Several factors contributed to this outcome, not least a lack of political will on the fail of the United Nations and the Member States. The essay concludes by flavor at the present perspective and arguing that a similar opportunity as the one in 1991 has presented itself, leaving the United Nations in vocalizationicular, and multilateralism in general, with a chance to redeem itself.Introduction The UN during the Cold War The end of the Second World War and the institution of the United Nations in 1945 were landmark events in the story of the world. While the conclusion of the War marked the demise of European imperialism (though the decolonisation process would continue till 1966), it as well as signalled a change in the norms of international society. Based on the principles of collective security, as elaborated in the Charter of the United Nations, these emergent norms sanctified (international) territorial boundaries, promising to usher in a new era of international history.However, the optimism and confidence which surrounded the formation of the United Nations as a forward-looking model of international cooperation was soon disturbed by the Soviet Unions entry into the nuclear club in 1949. This was the beginning of the Cold War between the USA and the USSR, which mired international politics, as well as the UN, in an ideological appointment for the next four and a half decades. Though the specifics of how the Cold War was fought fall outside the image of this paper, it is important to note its effects on the functioning of the UN. The composition of the UN Security Council the organ charged with the maintenance of international peace and security becomes salient here as permanent members, both the United States and Soviet Union exercised the power of the veto (a single veto from any permanent being enough to go by a Security Council resolution), according to their geopolitical interests (see UN General Assembly, 2004, p. 13-19). This crippled the development of the UN, while consequently stunting the evolution of multilateralism.Changes at the End of the Cold War Impetus to UN Multilateralism The end of the Cold War, in 1991, brought with it a renewed optimism and injected fresh vigour into the UN finally rid of the ideological disjoint of the previous decades, the new situation led some scholars to say thatThe end of the Cold War lifts a central obstacle to the modify of multilateral peacekeeping and the extension of multilateral trading operations beyond traditional peacekeeping tasks. A revived United Nations Security Council and energetic Secretary-General are the global centre of this rapidly evolving effort (Roper, Nishihara, Otunnu and Schoettle, 1993, p. 1).Concomitant to this belief, the number of peacekeeping operation of the UN increased, along with the establishment of the UN Protective Force (UNPROFOR) made famous by its engagements in Bosnia in the years following the fall of the Berlin Wall. However, to truly translate the impact of the end of the Cold War on the UN, and its efforts to strengthen multilateralism, we must be apprec iative of what actually changed at the end of history (Fukuyama, 1993). An era of post-internationalism, specify by a complex system of relations between nation- alleges and non-state actors, was thought to be the most probable outcome of the end of the Cold War (Rosenau, 1990). In reality, the most important changes occurring in the international system wereThe emergence of a unipolar world with the United States as the lone superpower though there was a brief debate over the possibility of a return to (a somewhat Westphalian) multipolarity.The structural and ideological impediments to the UNs operations disappeared, resulting in an environment (apparently) conducive to international cooperation.The emergence of New Wars, which were intra-state affairs, and fuelled by ethno-religious and cultural divides (Kaldor, 1999).The intensification of the process of globalization, rapidly intertwining the national economies of the world into the world economy and with each other, meaning that conflicts would produce more stakeholders interested in their resolution.These changes made for an opportunity for the UN to capitalise on the changing dimensions of international politics and drive home the advantage for the renewed consensus for multilateralism. The American prevalence in the immediate aftermath of the end of the Cold War meant that the future of multilateralism would depend, to a great extent, on the willingness of the United States to support and participate in the operations of the UN. This dependence was only natural the US was the most economically and militarily dominant power at the time, and for any successful venture on the part of the UN, US assistance (or at the very least, support) was essential.Because of the US political importance, Security Council resolutions backed by the province were more persuasive and influential than earlier, thus accelerating the strengthening of the UNs multilateral foundations. Initially, the United States readily p articipated in UN-backed interventions and peacekeeping missions in Iraq/Kuwait (1990) and Somalia (1992) which coincided with its policy of aggressive involvement in response to international peace and security at the time (Art, 2003, p. 2-3). Thus, American primacy at the end of the Cold War provided a great impetus to UN-led multilateralism. The fall of the vitamin E/West divide provided an opportunity to expand the realm of the UNs multilateral operations beyond that of traditional peacekeeping, to accept such areas of peace-building as providing humanitarian assistance, transitions to democratic governments and helping with national reconstruction in post-conflict scenarios.This expanding perspective was explained by the UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to have occurred as a direct consequence of the demise of Cold War animosities amongst the permanent members of the Security Council (1992). The proliferation of UN missions in the early 1990s to Somalia, Cambodia , Namibia, Western Sahara, Angola, Bosnia, Croatia, El Salvador and Mozambique goes to show how much of an impetus the removal of structural impediments gave to the UN at the end of the Cold War. The emergence of New Wars called for a change in the understanding of intra-state violence, along with a wider interpretation of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter (UN, 1945). During the Cold War, the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention were paramount according to article 2(7) of the Charter,Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter (1945.)However, in the post-Cold War era, there has been a considerable shift towards encompass the principles of internal justice (i.e. within states) and individual rights, which require the maintenance of genuin e universally accepted standards (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). This movement towards a semblance of global governance too resulted from the impetus gained from the end of the Cold War.For example, the intervention in Kosovo (late-1990s) was purely on humanitarian grounds, and explicitly breached the (now contested) sovereignty of the Republic of Serbia. On the other hand, the intervention in Somalia was carried out at the states request, while that in Iraq (in 1990) depended on Memorandums of Understanding between the UN and Saddam Hussein. In all of these cases, however, the increasing tendency of multilateral involvement in the domestic affairs of states cannot be overlooked. Due to the political and economic structural adjustment policies ( implement by the IMF against the supply of loans) experienced in more parts of the world during the 1980s, the end of the Cold War came at a time when the process of globalization had already taken shape to a certain degree. This proces s meant the expansion of markets, along with goods and services, across the world, making countries increasingly interdependent. Thus conflict, in any part of the world, now has the potential to disrupt more than a handful of national economies.Hence, there are more takers for multilateral action to resolve conflicts, especially after the (formal) removal of ideological differences within the UN after 1991. For example, in the case of the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia, countries as diverse as Nepal, Fiji, Argentina, Senegal and Iceland, among umpteen others, contributed personnel and supplies to the UN. This was another impetus received by the UN at the end of the Cold War, strengthening its role in multilateral ventures. Indeed, the renewed energy exhibited by the Member States of the UN to multilaterally solve international conflicts is evidenced by the fact that peacekeeping operations undertaken after the Cold War easily outnumber those mandated during 1945 to 1990 (UN Peaceke eping, 2008). There has also been an im prove dynamism in the Security Council and the General Assembly since 1990, shown by the rise in the number of resolutions proposed and adopted, as against the oftentimes deadlocked scenario of the Cold War (UN Documentation Centre, 2008). These facts show the momentum gained by multilateralism, under the aegis of the UN, in the post-Cold War era.An Evaluation of Post-Cold War Multilateralism It is important, however, to make a crucial qualification at this point greater involvement through the multilateral framework does not tantamount to success in resolving or preventing international conflicts. If we are to make an analytical examination of how far the end of the Cold war proved to be an impetus for the reestablishment of the UN as the focal point for multilateral projects, we must judge the like in terms of what they achieved. The possibilities that the termination of the East/West conflict held for the UN have already been discussed now , we shall attempt to provide a critical analysis of how multilateralism has fared to obtain the true nature of the impetus in interrogation. Throughout the UNs existence, the question of intervention to stop genocide (or for genocide prevention) has been a thorn in its side. The history of the UN is replete with cases of genocide Uganda (1970s), Paraguay (1974), Democratic Kampuchea (1975-78), Bangladesh (1970-71) and Burundi (1972-73) where it did not take any concrete steps to stop the conflict (Kuper 1982). Regardless of the changes found in the post-Cold War era, the right to intervene (jus ad bellum, or humanitarian intervention), has only been follow throughd in Kosovo (Taylor and Curtis, 2003, p. 415). The UN, however, failed to act on time in the cases of Rwanda (1994) and Bosnia (1992-93), resulting in close to a million deaths.In Rwanda alone, the death toll reached more than 800,000, and led Secretary-General Kofi Annan to remark The world failed Rwanda at that time of evil. The international community and the United Nations could not muster the political will to confront it (quoted in Glazer, 2004, p. 167). Similarly, the Security Council has been sitting on the fence with regard to Darfur, western Sudan, where Arab militias known as the Janjaweed, with help from the central authority in Khartoum, have been systematically killing (and raping and displacing) black Africans since 2003. Due to the vacillation of the UN to label the conflict in Darfur as genocide, hundreds of thousands continue to die, while more are forced to migrate across the western border into Chad (HRW, 2006). Part of the appoint lies with the Genocide Convention (concluded in 1948), which obliges Member Parties to prevent and punish any act of genocide. But, what this clause means in terms of policy directives remains ill-defined many Parties are content to push for institutional solutions in these cases, while refraining to term a given situation as genocide, so that t hey are not dragged into a commitment of conflict resolution.However, at the end of the Cold War, with the consensus for international cooperation and multilateral action on a high, the UN had a golden opportunity to include or append policy recommendations to the Genocide Convention. It was essential to recognise that the history of the UNs failure to prevent genocide was a function of reluctant nation-states wide-awake of being drawn into a long-term commitment, rather than plainly understanding it as another aspect of the East/West conflict. By oversimplifying the causes of previous failures, the UN also lost that bit of impetus which the end of the Cold War had generated. In addition, the multilateral movement suffered another jolt when, given the losses it incurred in Somalia (1992), the American policy slowly started shifting from aggressive involvement to selective engagement the US, by many accounts, was only interested in taking part in such conflicts which served its nati onal interests (Power 2002).It was the intransigence on the part of the US which, in large measure, contributed to the debacle in Rwanda. Indeed, the fact that the US was actively involved in the Bosnian peace process was not lost on many, leading to speculation that the country was atoning for it inaction in Rwanda, while spawning more radical critiques claiming that the US was more sympathetic to conflicts in Europe and North America (Cooper, 2003). In any event, the reliance on the US for multilateral action proved unstable a reality further reinforced by its coloured decision to engage in a preventive war in Iraq (in 2003) and only decelerate the impetus gained in 1991. The UN, Kaldor argues, also suffers from weak conceptual and theoretical comprehension of new wars (1999). She maintains that it was not the unwillingness to provide resources, a lack of cohesion among peacekeepers or the general tendency of making policies offering short-term solutions which protracted the c onflict in Bosnia. Instead, the international community failed to grasp the nature of the new nationalism that had steered the country into the abyss of an ethno-religious war (Kaldor, 1999, p. 53). This failure also led to the underestimation of how the war would progress the UN peacekeeping force that reached Bosnia had neither the resources, nor the specific mandate, for conflict prevention. Hence, there was no peace to keep. This brings us to the issues of deployment and mandates. The UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda, which was put in place to see through the transition to democracy as part of the Arusha Accords of 1993 employed 2,500 peacekeepers. At the outbreak of genocide in 1994, the Security Council decided to withdraw all but a tenth of the force, leaving those still remain in Rwanda to stand by and watch the week-long massacres.In Bosnia, the situation was hardly any better though the total UNPROFOR contingent totalled 23,000, the requisition to the Security Council as ked for 30,000 legions for the safe havens in Srebrenica, Zepa, Tuzla, Sarajevo, Gorazde, and Bihac alone. In the end, 7,500 troops were provided for these areas, and resources for only 3,500 could be managed (Kaldor, p. 65). Again, in Darfur, the Security Council sanctioned a peacekeeping force of 25,000 to work alongside the African Unions 7,000-strong peacekeeping mission however, the mission is yet to be completely deployed, owing to organisational problems. Most importantly, though, it is crucial to understand that whatever be the deployment, if the same is not supplied with an aggressive mandate, history shows that it is deemed to fail. An aggressive mandate would entail peace enforcement, in turn requiring a wider reading of the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Sending thinly armed peacekeepers into zones of conflict only risks their lives and achieves very little in terms of conflict prevention.In recent years, the UN has found it preferable to mandate individ ual countries to enforce peace in smaller-scale incidents of violent conflict, like Australia (East Timor 1999), France (Congo, 2003) and the USA (Liberia, 2003). Whether such decisions indicate the complications of an aggressive multilateral approach is difficult to say, but these cases do suggest that unilateral solutions are sometimes simpler. The problems of troop deployment and mandates, therefore, seem to have eroded much of the impetus gained by the UNs multilateral framework at the beginning of the post-Cold War era.Conclusion Opportunity Lost, Perspective Gained There are two important conclusions that readily derive from the above discussion. Firstly, the changes in the international system at the end of the Cold War produced a scenario where the UN remained the only organisation capable of maintaining peace. This provided a thrust to the multilateral framework which had suffered till then under the shadow of the East/West bipolarity. Without doubt, the end of the Cold War had supplied the UN with a vital impetus to re-establish multilateralism as the definitive path to peace.Secondly, however, an evaluation of post-Cold War multilateralism reveals that this chance was squandered, leading many to call this phase of the UNs history as opportunity lost (Johnson, 1999). Indeed, the breakdown of the consensus over the war in Iraq (2003) led Annan to declare that the past year has shaken the foundations of collective security and undermined confidence in the possibility of collective responses to our common problems and challenges (quoted in UN Press Release, 2003). Looking forward, however, we have to contend that it is precisely the US debacle in Iraq has cast grave doubts over unilateral actions, and has prepared the ground once more for the endorsement of multilateralism. Following its initial failures in peacekeeping, the UN well-kept that its role in international peace and security remained essential (Crossette, 1994) the reverses early on in the p ost-Cold War era now serve as trace points of reference from which to learn and devise more viable policies.The lessons of the past, thus, must provide the paths to the present (and the future). The opportunity given to the UN and multilateralism by the fall of the Soviet Union was refuse over the subsequent decade. The international system has again generated a similar impetus which should, this time, be treated with the utmost care and responsibility.ReferencesArt, R. J. (2003). A Grand system for America. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press.Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping. A/47/277. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.un.org/docs/SG/agpeace.htmlCooper, M. H. (February 23, 2003). Future of NATO. CQ Researcher, 13, 8, pp. 177-200.Crossette, B. (December 5, 1994). UN Falters in Post-Cold War Peacekeeping, but Sees Role as Essential. The New York Times. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//query.nytimes.com/gst/ful lpage.html?res=9C07E3DC1739F936A35751C1A962958260Fukuyama, F. (1993). The End of fib and the Last Man. New York Harper Perennial.Glazer, S. (August 27, 2004). Stopping Genocide. CQ Researcher, 14, 29, pp. 165-187.Human Rights Watch. (December 2006). Darfur Bleeds Militia Attacks on Civilians in Chad. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.hrw.org/Johnson, R. (January 1999). Post-Cold War Security The Lost Opportunities. The Disarmament Forum, 1, 5-11.Kaldor, M. (1999). New and Old Wars unionized Violence in a Global Era. Stanford, CA Stanford University Press.Kuper, L. (1982). Genocide Its Political Use in the Twentieth Century. New Haven, CT Yale University Press.Power, S. (2002). A Problem from fossa America and the Age of Genocide. New York Harper Perennial.Roper, J., Nishihara, M., Otunnu, O. A., Schoettle, E. C. B. (1993). Keeping the Peace in the Post-Cold War Era Strengthening Multilateral Peacekeeping A Report to the three-sided Commission. New York The Trilateral Commi ssion.Rosenau, J. N. (1990). Turbulence in World political relation A theory of Change and Continuity. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press.Taylor, P. and Curtis, D. (2003). The United Nations. In Baylis, J. and Smith, S. The Globalization of World Politics An Introduction to International Relations. Oxford Oxford University Press, pp. 405-424.United Nations Documentation Centre. (2008). General Assembly Resolutions Security Council Resolutions. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.un.org/documents/index.htmlUnited Nations General Assembly. (2004). Report of the Open-ended Working Group on the fountainhead of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of the Security Council and Other matters related to the Security Council. A/58/47. New York United Nations.United Nations Peacekeeping. (2008). List of Operations 1948-2008. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.un.org/Depts/dpko/list/list.pdfUnited Nations Press Release. (November 2003). Secretary-General Na mes High-level Panel to Study Global Security Threats, and Recommend Necessary Changes. SG/A/857. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.un.org/password/dh/hlpanel/press-release-041103.pdfUnited Nations. (1945). Charter of the United Nations. Retrieved June 4, 2008, from http//www.un.org/aboutun/charter/

Research & expressing emotions Essay Example for Free

Research stocking emotions EssayArt has been one of the most productive ways of expressing emotions and thinking by mankind. Most of the traditional artists have been using different mediums to make an art form. They range from clay to paints.But in this board of electronic media, art has also found some new mediums. Electronic art is the art form which started to emerge in early 1990s and as a result of this many young artist from the new generation became famous. One of them is Eric Jordan. He is not just an artist he is a philosopher and a businessman.Eric Jordan is the founder of 2Advanced.com.he founded 2Advanced when he was just 23. 2Advanced is regarded as one of the most creative web design companies in the world with clients like Ford, NBC, General Electric and many other Fortune 500 companies. Eric has been the main driving force behind 2Advanced. Eric startedEric indulged in arts from a very early age when he started fashioning sketches but soon moved to electron ic media. He started by experimenting with different softwares but couldnt get his hand on something which could re totallyy satisfy him to express his thinkings. During this point in life he discovered two softwares which would play a pivotal role in the life of Eric Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Flash. He started using these softwares day and night, and his hard work result in eye-catching website of 2Advanced. Currently 2Advanced is in its fourth version of the website. His work became so famous that he got nominated and won the prestigious Webby Award. The famous 2Advanced website was created by Eric in the span of two weeks. The software he used was Adobe Flash, Adobe Photoshop and Freehand. To this involvement 2Advanced.com has been my favorite work designed by Eric. The blend of futuristic vision with eye-catching graphics and phenomenal graphics has taken Flash and Photoshop to new heights. away from being famous for amazing work at 2Advanced Eric is also a famous DJ in Califor nia. He has an extreme passion for electronic symphony and has been playing electronic music since he was a teenager. He believes that he could bring his futuristic vision of the world to the electronic media and he has been successful in that by showing the work he has done in the field of web design. His work mostly depicts the world of future with a careful solicitude to detail. In an interview while describing the theory behind 2Advanced, Eric saysMany people think the name 2advanced was meant to imply mastery of everything, when in reality it constitutes a fill out of the future and the underlying feeling that somehow I wish I had been born in the distant future. Not because I dont care for the era I was born in, simply because the idea of deep technological advances and a rise in the collective human consciousness are tempting to me. 2advanced was a way for me to tell the story. Some people pick up on the message, some dont. But even if one person understands the 2advanced voice, it makes it all worth it.

Actin Expression in Hela Cells by APAAP Immunocytochemistry

Actin Expression in Hela Cells by APAAP ImmunocytochemistryKunthavai JeevananthanIsolation of mononuclear jail cellular phoneular telephones, cell expects, cell staining and immunochemistryAims to test the morphology of sheeps blood smear and to calculate the number of viable cells and the percentage viability of live and assassinated mononuclear cells. To investigate and analyse actin expression in Hela cells by APAAP immunocytochemistry.There argon three main components of blood these include erythrocytes ( reddened blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets). Leukocytes ar produced and computer memory in a number of locations called lymphoid organs inside the body such(prenominal) as the spleen, thymus and the bone subject matter through a march known as haematopoiesis. They are part of the bodies primary defence mechanism against infections drived by disease causing microorganisms entering the body. Leukocytes are constantly produced and r eleased into the bloodstream where they outflank the body travelling from organs to lymph nodes where they are stored via the lymph and blood vessels. There are three antithetic types of leukocytes known as granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes (Kara, 2011). The granulocytes include eosinophils and basophils which are involved in immune responses and also neutrophils ingest and kill any foreign body that enter the body such as bacteria and fungi. Lymphocytes help to protect against viral infections whereas early(a)s develop into antibodies against foreign invasions. Blood smears and differential staining techniques such as the Giemsa and Grunwald staining can be conducted to analyse the morphology of blood cells to help key out blood disorders.Mononuclear cells also known as agranulocytes are white blood cells containing one lobed nucleus. These include monocytes and immunocytes such as B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, natural orca (NK) cells and macrophages. Normal blood values vary from around 50, 00 to 10, 000 leukocytes per cubic millimetre. High values of leukocytes are known as leucocytosis and it is most commonly collectable to inflammations as a result of an immune response or blood diseases such as leukaemia (Marshall, 2008). Low values of leukocytes are known as leukopenia this occurs when the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient RBC like for example neutrophils which leads to neutropenia, this can make the body more prone to diseases and infections therefore mononuclear cell counts are widely apply in immunology, haematological malignancy, oncology and vaccine development to monitor immunological functions and to identify and diagnose blood related conditions. This can be achieved by the Ficoll-Hypaque technique a density gradient system that separates lymphocytes from other formed elements in blood which can be removed and stained with trypan blue in order to be viewed on a haemocytometer under the microscope. Live cells have an intac t cell membrane that is impermeable to certain dyes such as trypan whereas dead cells do not therefore viable cells with a clear cytoplasm and nonviable cells with a blue cytoplasm can be identified and metrical (Harlad and Heinz et al, 2004).Immunocytochemistry is the identification of a tissue by proper(postnominal) antigen-antibody interaction where the antibodies are marked with a visible label for examination under the microscope which was first draw by Albert H. Coons in 1941. This technique was further developed in different ways by using different indicator molecules such as fluorescent dye molecules, biotin and enzymes i.e. peroxidase. APAAP (alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase) is an alkaline phosphatase method acting first described by Cordell et al in 1984 (John, 2008). Antibodies are proteins known as immunoglobulins (Igs) which are further categorised in to different isotypes. The IgG isotype is most commonly used in immunocytochemistry as its biding is more consistent. Actin is a highly conserved and abundant cytoskeletal protein which exists in six different known isofroms in mammals therefore it can be used to detect cancer cells like Hela cells, a continuously cultured strain isolated from valet cervical cancer cells, as they are rapidly multiplying and are rich in Actin. Beta and gamma actin are known as cytoplasmic actin as they are expressed in non-muscle cells. Mouse anti-actin antibody is used in this technique as they are a form of highly conserved globular proteins which are found in cell mortality, structure and integrity of all eukaryotic cells hence are often found around the nucleus in the cytoplasm (Richard, 2010).ResultsFigure 1 Figure 1.1 Red blood cell PlateletsFigure 2Figure 2.1Figure 3 Hela cells only Figure 4 No Primary lockFigure 5 Isotype control Figure 6 ActinDiscussionThe Giemsa and Grunwald staining of the sheeps blood smear show the all the red blood cells are approximately the same shape and size howe ver the number of red blood cells present appears to be fairly lower than expected. There are a number of reasons as to why this could have occurred such as lack of iron lead to failure of haemoglobin production therefore the number of red blood cells lost cannot be replaced efficiently. Other causes that whitethorn result in decreased numbers of erythrocytes may be due to bone marrow reproach or disorders, internal or external bleeding and kidney failure. The red blood cells were all however the same shape and size which shows that there is no cause of concern for diseases related to abnormal shapes of RBCs such as sickle cell anaemia. Although the cells appear spherical in figure 1 this may be due to the low magnification and resolution therefore in order to confirm spherocytosis further analysis in higher resolution and tests need to be carried out. The electric discharge pink staining in the centre of the RBC shows that the area is less dense indicating the absence of a nucleu s and the biconcave structure.The mononuclear cell count shown in figure 2 does not show any live mononuclear cells. There are a number of reasons as to why this may have occurred like for example when pipetting the separated white blood cells spirit level on top of the ficoll layer may have been taken from the wrong layer of cells. Another point to taken into consideration is that when removing the supernatant the live cells may have also been accidentally removed with it. As sheeps blood cells were used instead of human blood the layering in ficoll is likely to be slightly different therefore in order to obtain a better take of live and dead mononuclear cells the white blood cells should be removed closer to the bottom of the tube just above the red blood cell pallet at the bottom. In figure 2 there were no dead cells present in the centre square therefore the percentage viability cannot be calculated by dividing the number of live cells by the number of dead cells. The red bloo d cell count varies from person to person as factors such as the altitude and gender. The normal value of male blood count is 4.5 to 6.0 x106 and in females it is 4.0 and 4.5 x 106 therefore when comparing the sheeps RBC count of 9.3 x 106 calculated from figure 2 is high. A high number of red cell counts may be due to lung diseases, kidney tumours and polycythaemia vera (PVC).The APAAP immunocytochemistry method conducted shows that the Hela cells are a angiotensin converting enzyme lineage as all cells in figure 6 were stained brown when incubated with primary anti-actin antibody and secondary polyclonal Goat anti-mouse antibody which are complimentary to each other hence they will only bind to the same cell lineage with the specific antigen. Figure 5 shows a positive isotype control of hela cells incubated with purified mouse monoclonal. This confirms that the actin antibody specific background staining shown in figure 5 were not due to non-specific interactions of antibody mole cules with the HeLa cell sample. Figure 4 also shows that hela cells without the secondary antibody alone without the primary antibody consider no significant background staining caused by DAB hence also supporting the fact the background staining is highly antigen specific (Stross and Jones et al, 1989). This method can be used to analyse the cellular contents, localisation and the distribution of cells in their surroundings and their relationship with other cells in peripheral blood smears, swabs, cell cultures, histological biopsy and bone marrow aspirates hereby giving definitive diagnosis to tumour and cancer diagnosis. An alternative immunocytochemistry method is Avidin-Biotin complex (ABC). Similarly like the APAAP method it involves the application of a primary antibody, secondary antibody however APAAP complex is replaced with Avidin-Biotin peroxidase complex (Buchwalow and Bocker, 2010).Reference Buchwalow, I. B, Bocker. W. (2010). Immunocytochemistry Basics and method Im munostaning enchantment. 48-52. Germany. Springer-Verlag.Harald, T., Heinz, D., Trosten, H. (2004). Colour Atlas of haematology practical microscopic and clinical diagnosis. 63-66. German. Georg Thieme Verlag.John, B. D. (2008). Theory and practice of histological techniques 433-438. United States of America. Elsevier Limited.Kara, R. (2011). Blood Physiology and circulation. 16-22. New York. Britannia educational publishing.Marshall, C. C. (2008). Diseases and Disorders Blood diseases. 103-106. Malaysia. Library congress Catalkukuoging-in-publication-data.Richard, B. W. (2010). Immunocytochemistry A practical guide to biomedical research. 1-10. United States of America. Springer science and business media.Stross, P. W., Jones, M., Manson, D. Y. (1989). Automation of APAAP immunocytochemical techniques J. clin Pathol. 42(1), 106-112.